Second Grade Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow with Buoyancy Effect and Chemical Reaction
This study mainly concerns with the examination of heat transfer rate, mass and motile micro-organisms for convective second grade nanofluid flow. The considered model comprises of both nanoparticles as well as gyrotactic micro-organisms. Microorganisms stabilize the suspension of nanoparticles by b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/621 |
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| author | Anum Shafiq Ghulam Rasool Chaudry Masood Khalique Sohail Aslam |
| author_facet | Anum Shafiq Ghulam Rasool Chaudry Masood Khalique Sohail Aslam |
| author_sort | Anum Shafiq |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study mainly concerns with the examination of heat transfer rate, mass and motile micro-organisms for convective second grade nanofluid flow. The considered model comprises of both nanoparticles as well as gyrotactic micro-organisms. Microorganisms stabilize the suspension of nanoparticles by bio-convective flow which is generated by the combined effects of nanoparticles and buoyancy forces. The Brownian motion and thermophoretic mechanisms along with Newtonian heating are also considered. Appropriately modified transformations are invoked to get a non-linear system of differential equations. The resulting problems are solved using a numerical scheme. Velocity field, thermal and solute distributions and motile micro-organism density are discussed graphically. Wall-drag (skin-friction) coefficient, Nusselt, Sherwood and motile micro-organisms are numerically examined for various parameters. The outcomes indicate that for a larger Rayleigh number, the bio-convection restricts the upward movement of nanoparticles that are involved in nanofluid for the given buoyancy effect. Furthermore, larger buoyancy is instigated which certainly opposes the fluid flow and affects the concentration. For a larger values of fluid parameter, the fluid viscosity faces a decline and certainly less restriction is faced by the fluid. In both assisting and opposing cases, we notice a certain rise in fluid motion. Thermal layer receives enhancement for larger values of Brownian diffusion parameter. The random motion for stronger Brownian impact suddenly raises which improves the heat convection and consequently thermal distribution receives enhancement. Thermal distribution receives enhancement for a larger Lewis number whereas the decline is noticed in concentration distribution. The larger Rayleigh number results in a strong buoyancy force that effectively increases the fluid temperature. This also increases the concentration difference, thus more nanoparticles transport between surface and micro-organisms. Furthermore, for larger (<i>Nb</i>), the thermal state of fluid receives enhancement while a decline in motile density is observed. Numerical results show that mass flux is an enhancing function of both the (<i>Le</i>) and (<i>Nb</i>). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:29:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5dcf6484120b4fc3a1bb097cff990725 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:29:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-5dcf6484120b4fc3a1bb097cff9907252023-11-19T21:34:02ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942020-04-0112462110.3390/sym12040621Second Grade Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow with Buoyancy Effect and Chemical ReactionAnum Shafiq0Ghulam Rasool1Chaudry Masood Khalique2Sohail Aslam3School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaInternational Institute for Symmetry Analysis and Mathematical Modeling, Department of Mathematical Sciences, North-West University, Ma keng Campus, Private Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South AfricaDepartment of Mathematics, Preston University, Islamabad 44000, PakistanThis study mainly concerns with the examination of heat transfer rate, mass and motile micro-organisms for convective second grade nanofluid flow. The considered model comprises of both nanoparticles as well as gyrotactic micro-organisms. Microorganisms stabilize the suspension of nanoparticles by bio-convective flow which is generated by the combined effects of nanoparticles and buoyancy forces. The Brownian motion and thermophoretic mechanisms along with Newtonian heating are also considered. Appropriately modified transformations are invoked to get a non-linear system of differential equations. The resulting problems are solved using a numerical scheme. Velocity field, thermal and solute distributions and motile micro-organism density are discussed graphically. Wall-drag (skin-friction) coefficient, Nusselt, Sherwood and motile micro-organisms are numerically examined for various parameters. The outcomes indicate that for a larger Rayleigh number, the bio-convection restricts the upward movement of nanoparticles that are involved in nanofluid for the given buoyancy effect. Furthermore, larger buoyancy is instigated which certainly opposes the fluid flow and affects the concentration. For a larger values of fluid parameter, the fluid viscosity faces a decline and certainly less restriction is faced by the fluid. In both assisting and opposing cases, we notice a certain rise in fluid motion. Thermal layer receives enhancement for larger values of Brownian diffusion parameter. The random motion for stronger Brownian impact suddenly raises which improves the heat convection and consequently thermal distribution receives enhancement. Thermal distribution receives enhancement for a larger Lewis number whereas the decline is noticed in concentration distribution. The larger Rayleigh number results in a strong buoyancy force that effectively increases the fluid temperature. This also increases the concentration difference, thus more nanoparticles transport between surface and micro-organisms. Furthermore, for larger (<i>Nb</i>), the thermal state of fluid receives enhancement while a decline in motile density is observed. Numerical results show that mass flux is an enhancing function of both the (<i>Le</i>) and (<i>Nb</i>).https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/621second grade nanofluidbioconvectiongyrotactic micro-organismsNewtonian heating |
| spellingShingle | Anum Shafiq Ghulam Rasool Chaudry Masood Khalique Sohail Aslam Second Grade Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow with Buoyancy Effect and Chemical Reaction Symmetry second grade nanofluid bioconvection gyrotactic micro-organisms Newtonian heating |
| title | Second Grade Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow with Buoyancy Effect and Chemical Reaction |
| title_full | Second Grade Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow with Buoyancy Effect and Chemical Reaction |
| title_fullStr | Second Grade Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow with Buoyancy Effect and Chemical Reaction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Second Grade Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow with Buoyancy Effect and Chemical Reaction |
| title_short | Second Grade Bioconvective Nanofluid Flow with Buoyancy Effect and Chemical Reaction |
| title_sort | second grade bioconvective nanofluid flow with buoyancy effect and chemical reaction |
| topic | second grade nanofluid bioconvection gyrotactic micro-organisms Newtonian heating |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/4/621 |
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