Voluntary Biosurveillance of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> Subsp. <i>equi</i> in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA
This study aimed to describe selected epidemiological aspects of horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs testing qPCR-positive for <i>S. equi</i> and to determine the effect of vaccination against <i>S. equi</i> on qPCR status. Horses with acute onset of fever...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/78 |
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| author | Camilo Jaramillo-Morales Kaitlyn James Samantha Barnum Wendy Vaala Duane E. Chappell Chrissie Schneider Bryant Craig Fairfield Bain D. Craig Barnett Earl Gaughan Nicola Pusterla |
| author_facet | Camilo Jaramillo-Morales Kaitlyn James Samantha Barnum Wendy Vaala Duane E. Chappell Chrissie Schneider Bryant Craig Fairfield Bain D. Craig Barnett Earl Gaughan Nicola Pusterla |
| author_sort | Camilo Jaramillo-Morales |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to describe selected epidemiological aspects of horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs testing qPCR-positive for <i>S. equi</i> and to determine the effect of vaccination against <i>S. equi</i> on qPCR status. Horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs from all regions of the United States were included in a voluntary biosurveillance program from 2008 to 2020 and nasal secretions were tested via qPCR for <i>S. equi</i> and common respiratory viruses. A total of 715/9409 equids (7.6%) tested qPCR-positive for <i>S. equi</i>, with 226 horses showing coinfections with EIV, EHV-1, EHV-4, and ERBV. The median age for the <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-positive horses was 8 ± 4 years and there was significant difference when compared to the median age of the <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-negative horses (6 ± 2 years; <i>p</i> = 0.004). Quarter Horse, Warmblood, and Thoroughbred were the more frequent breed in this horse population, and these breeds were more likely to test qPCR-positive for <i>S. equi</i> compared to other breeds. There was not statistical difference for sex between <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-positive and qPCR-negative horses. Horses used for competition and ranch/farm use were more likely to test qPCR-positive for <i>S. equi</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Horses that tested <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-positive were more likely to display nasal discharge, fever, lethargy, anorexia, and ocular discharge compared to horses that tested <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-negative (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Vaccination against <i>S. equi</i> was associated with a lower frequency of <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-positive status. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5dde9ce684f545c8b0831cceb6815213 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:01:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5dde9ce684f545c8b0831cceb68152132023-11-16T23:45:20ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812023-01-011027810.3390/vetsci10020078Voluntary Biosurveillance of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> Subsp. <i>equi</i> in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USACamilo Jaramillo-Morales0Kaitlyn James1Samantha Barnum2Wendy Vaala3Duane E. Chappell4Chrissie Schneider5Bryant Craig6Fairfield Bain7D. Craig Barnett8Earl Gaughan9Nicola Pusterla10William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAMerck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USAMerck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USAMerck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USAMerck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USAMerck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USAMerck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USAMerck Animal Health, Madison, NJ 07940, USADepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USAThis study aimed to describe selected epidemiological aspects of horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs testing qPCR-positive for <i>S. equi</i> and to determine the effect of vaccination against <i>S. equi</i> on qPCR status. Horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs from all regions of the United States were included in a voluntary biosurveillance program from 2008 to 2020 and nasal secretions were tested via qPCR for <i>S. equi</i> and common respiratory viruses. A total of 715/9409 equids (7.6%) tested qPCR-positive for <i>S. equi</i>, with 226 horses showing coinfections with EIV, EHV-1, EHV-4, and ERBV. The median age for the <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-positive horses was 8 ± 4 years and there was significant difference when compared to the median age of the <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-negative horses (6 ± 2 years; <i>p</i> = 0.004). Quarter Horse, Warmblood, and Thoroughbred were the more frequent breed in this horse population, and these breeds were more likely to test qPCR-positive for <i>S. equi</i> compared to other breeds. There was not statistical difference for sex between <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-positive and qPCR-negative horses. Horses used for competition and ranch/farm use were more likely to test qPCR-positive for <i>S. equi</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Horses that tested <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-positive were more likely to display nasal discharge, fever, lethargy, anorexia, and ocular discharge compared to horses that tested <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-negative (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Vaccination against <i>S. equi</i> was associated with a lower frequency of <i>S. equi</i> qPCR-positive status.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/78<i>Streptococcus equi</i> subsp. <i>equi</i>stranglesbiosurveillance programnasal secretionsqPCR detectionprevalence factors |
| spellingShingle | Camilo Jaramillo-Morales Kaitlyn James Samantha Barnum Wendy Vaala Duane E. Chappell Chrissie Schneider Bryant Craig Fairfield Bain D. Craig Barnett Earl Gaughan Nicola Pusterla Voluntary Biosurveillance of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> Subsp. <i>equi</i> in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA Veterinary Sciences <i>Streptococcus equi</i> subsp. <i>equi</i> strangles biosurveillance program nasal secretions qPCR detection prevalence factors |
| title | Voluntary Biosurveillance of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> Subsp. <i>equi</i> in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA |
| title_full | Voluntary Biosurveillance of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> Subsp. <i>equi</i> in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA |
| title_fullStr | Voluntary Biosurveillance of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> Subsp. <i>equi</i> in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Voluntary Biosurveillance of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> Subsp. <i>equi</i> in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA |
| title_short | Voluntary Biosurveillance of <i>Streptococcus equi</i> Subsp. <i>equi</i> in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA |
| title_sort | voluntary biosurveillance of i streptococcus equi i subsp i equi i in nasal secretions of 9409 equids with upper airway infection in the usa |
| topic | <i>Streptococcus equi</i> subsp. <i>equi</i> strangles biosurveillance program nasal secretions qPCR detection prevalence factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/78 |
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