Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated Cellulose
Cardanol is a natural alkylphenolic compound derived from Cashew NutShell Liquid (CNSL), a non-food annually renewable raw material extracted from cashew nutshells. In the quest for sustainable materials, the curing of biobased monomers and prepolymers with environmentally friendly processes attract...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/21/3858 |
| _version_ | 1818037182324015104 |
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| author | Sara Dalle Vacche Alessandra Vitale Roberta Bongiovanni |
| author_facet | Sara Dalle Vacche Alessandra Vitale Roberta Bongiovanni |
| author_sort | Sara Dalle Vacche |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardanol is a natural alkylphenolic compound derived from Cashew NutShell Liquid (CNSL), a non-food annually renewable raw material extracted from cashew nutshells. In the quest for sustainable materials, the curing of biobased monomers and prepolymers with environmentally friendly processes attracts increasing interest. Photopolymerization is considered to be a green technology owing to low energy requirements, room temperature operation with high reaction rates, and absence of solvents. In this work, we study the photocuring of a commercially available epoxidized cardanol, and explore its use in combination with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) for the fabrication of fully biobased composites. Wet MFC mats were prepared by filtration, and then impregnated with the resin. The impregnated mats were then irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the photocuring of the epoxidized cardanol, and of the composites. The thermomechanical properties of the composites were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. We confirmed that fully cured composites could be obtained, although a high photoinitiator concentration was needed, possibly due to a side reaction of the photoinitiator with MFC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:22:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5de2fe33f12c4a5c9097a7c95d0d5c67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:22:47Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-5de2fe33f12c4a5c9097a7c95d0d5c672022-12-22T01:57:47ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-10-012421385810.3390/molecules24213858molecules24213858Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated CelluloseSara Dalle Vacche0Alessandra Vitale1Roberta Bongiovanni2Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, ItalyCardanol is a natural alkylphenolic compound derived from Cashew NutShell Liquid (CNSL), a non-food annually renewable raw material extracted from cashew nutshells. In the quest for sustainable materials, the curing of biobased monomers and prepolymers with environmentally friendly processes attracts increasing interest. Photopolymerization is considered to be a green technology owing to low energy requirements, room temperature operation with high reaction rates, and absence of solvents. In this work, we study the photocuring of a commercially available epoxidized cardanol, and explore its use in combination with microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) for the fabrication of fully biobased composites. Wet MFC mats were prepared by filtration, and then impregnated with the resin. The impregnated mats were then irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the photocuring of the epoxidized cardanol, and of the composites. The thermomechanical properties of the composites were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. We confirmed that fully cured composites could be obtained, although a high photoinitiator concentration was needed, possibly due to a side reaction of the photoinitiator with MFC.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/21/3858biobased epoxycardanolcationic photocuringmicrofibrillated cellulosebiobased compositessustainable materials |
| spellingShingle | Sara Dalle Vacche Alessandra Vitale Roberta Bongiovanni Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated Cellulose Molecules biobased epoxy cardanol cationic photocuring microfibrillated cellulose biobased composites sustainable materials |
| title | Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated Cellulose |
| title_full | Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated Cellulose |
| title_fullStr | Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated Cellulose |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated Cellulose |
| title_short | Photocuring of Epoxidized Cardanol for Biobased Composites with Microfibrillated Cellulose |
| title_sort | photocuring of epoxidized cardanol for biobased composites with microfibrillated cellulose |
| topic | biobased epoxy cardanol cationic photocuring microfibrillated cellulose biobased composites sustainable materials |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/21/3858 |
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