CD6, a Rheostat-Type Signalosome That Tunes T Cell Activation
Following T cell receptor triggering, T cell activation is initiated and amplified by the assembly at the TCR/CD3 macrocomplex of a multitude of stimulatory enzymes that activate several signaling cascades. The potency of signaling is, however, modulated by various inhibitory components already at t...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02994/full |
| _version_ | 1818649701140922368 |
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| author | Carine M. Gonçalves Carine M. Gonçalves Sónia N. Henriques Sónia N. Henriques Sónia N. Henriques Rita F. Santos Rita F. Santos Rita F. Santos Alexandre M. Carmo Alexandre M. Carmo |
| author_facet | Carine M. Gonçalves Carine M. Gonçalves Sónia N. Henriques Sónia N. Henriques Sónia N. Henriques Rita F. Santos Rita F. Santos Rita F. Santos Alexandre M. Carmo Alexandre M. Carmo |
| author_sort | Carine M. Gonçalves |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Following T cell receptor triggering, T cell activation is initiated and amplified by the assembly at the TCR/CD3 macrocomplex of a multitude of stimulatory enzymes that activate several signaling cascades. The potency of signaling is, however, modulated by various inhibitory components already at the onset of activation, long before co-inhibitory immune checkpoints are expressed to help terminating the response. CD5 and CD6 are surface glycoproteins of T cells that have determinant roles in thymocyte development, T cell activation and immune responses. They belong to the superfamily of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) glycoproteins but whereas the inhibitory role of CD5 has been established for long, there is still controversy on whether CD6 may have similar or antagonistic functions on T cell signaling. Analysis of the structure and molecular associations of CD5 and CD6 indicates that these molecules assemble at the cytoplasmic tail a considerable number of signaling effectors that can putatively transduce diverse types of intracellular signals. Biochemical studies have concluded that both receptors can antagonize the flow of TCR-mediated signaling; however, the impact that CD5 and CD6 have on T cell development and T cell-mediated immune responses may be different. Here we analyze the signaling function of CD6, the common and also the different properties it exhibits comparing with CD5, and interpret the functional effects displayed by CD6 in recent animal models. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T01:38:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5de67636b6cb4ce39cf8a325f3ddf4fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T01:38:30Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5de67636b6cb4ce39cf8a325f3ddf4fc2022-12-21T22:08:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242018-12-01910.3389/fimmu.2018.02994417116CD6, a Rheostat-Type Signalosome That Tunes T Cell ActivationCarine M. Gonçalves0Carine M. Gonçalves1Sónia N. Henriques2Sónia N. Henriques3Sónia N. Henriques4Rita F. Santos5Rita F. Santos6Rita F. Santos7Alexandre M. Carmo8Alexandre M. Carmo9Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalInstituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, PortugalInstituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalInstituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, PortugalInstituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalInstituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalInstituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, PortugalInstituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalInstituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, PortugalInstituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, PortugalFollowing T cell receptor triggering, T cell activation is initiated and amplified by the assembly at the TCR/CD3 macrocomplex of a multitude of stimulatory enzymes that activate several signaling cascades. The potency of signaling is, however, modulated by various inhibitory components already at the onset of activation, long before co-inhibitory immune checkpoints are expressed to help terminating the response. CD5 and CD6 are surface glycoproteins of T cells that have determinant roles in thymocyte development, T cell activation and immune responses. They belong to the superfamily of scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) glycoproteins but whereas the inhibitory role of CD5 has been established for long, there is still controversy on whether CD6 may have similar or antagonistic functions on T cell signaling. Analysis of the structure and molecular associations of CD5 and CD6 indicates that these molecules assemble at the cytoplasmic tail a considerable number of signaling effectors that can putatively transduce diverse types of intracellular signals. Biochemical studies have concluded that both receptors can antagonize the flow of TCR-mediated signaling; however, the impact that CD5 and CD6 have on T cell development and T cell-mediated immune responses may be different. Here we analyze the signaling function of CD6, the common and also the different properties it exhibits comparing with CD5, and interpret the functional effects displayed by CD6 in recent animal models.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02994/fullinhibitory receptorsCD5CD6signalosomeT lymphocytes |
| spellingShingle | Carine M. Gonçalves Carine M. Gonçalves Sónia N. Henriques Sónia N. Henriques Sónia N. Henriques Rita F. Santos Rita F. Santos Rita F. Santos Alexandre M. Carmo Alexandre M. Carmo CD6, a Rheostat-Type Signalosome That Tunes T Cell Activation Frontiers in Immunology inhibitory receptors CD5 CD6 signalosome T lymphocytes |
| title | CD6, a Rheostat-Type Signalosome That Tunes T Cell Activation |
| title_full | CD6, a Rheostat-Type Signalosome That Tunes T Cell Activation |
| title_fullStr | CD6, a Rheostat-Type Signalosome That Tunes T Cell Activation |
| title_full_unstemmed | CD6, a Rheostat-Type Signalosome That Tunes T Cell Activation |
| title_short | CD6, a Rheostat-Type Signalosome That Tunes T Cell Activation |
| title_sort | cd6 a rheostat type signalosome that tunes t cell activation |
| topic | inhibitory receptors CD5 CD6 signalosome T lymphocytes |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02994/full |
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