Ulcerative colitis: understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapies
Abstract Dynamic interactions between the gastrointestinal epithelium and the mucosal immune system normally contribute to ensuring intestinal homeostasis and optimal immunosurveillance, but destabilisation of these interactions in genetically predisposed individuals can lead to the development of c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Inflammation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12950-020-00246-4 |
| _version_ | 1818509475672227840 |
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| author | Amandip Kaur Paraskevi Goggolidou |
| author_facet | Amandip Kaur Paraskevi Goggolidou |
| author_sort | Amandip Kaur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Dynamic interactions between the gastrointestinal epithelium and the mucosal immune system normally contribute to ensuring intestinal homeostasis and optimal immunosurveillance, but destabilisation of these interactions in genetically predisposed individuals can lead to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Ulcerative colitis is one of the main types of inflammatory diseases that affect the bowel, but its pathogenesis has yet to be completely defined. Several genetic factors and other inflammation-related genes are implicated in mediating the inflammation and development of the disease. Some susceptibility loci associated with increased risk of ulcerative colitis are found to be implicated in mucosal barrier function. Different biomarkers that cause damage to the colonic mucosa can be detected in patients, including perinuclear ANCA, which is also useful in distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colitides. The choice of treatment for ulcerative colitis depends on disease severity. Therapeutic strategies include anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) monoclonal antibodies used to block the production of TNF-α that mediates intestinal tract inflammation, an anti-adhesion drug that prevents lymphocyte infiltration from the blood into the inflamed gut, inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 that suppress the innate immune cell signalling and interferons α/β which stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as faecal microbiota transplantation. Although further research is still required to fully dissect the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis, understanding its cellular pathology and molecular mechanisms has already proven beneficial and it has got the potential to identify further novel, effective targets for therapy and reduce the burden of this chronic disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:45:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5de6d7e938724c46aa5b417612c5138c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1476-9255 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:45:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj.art-5de6d7e938724c46aa5b417612c5138c2022-12-22T01:30:34ZengBMCJournal of Inflammation1476-92552020-04-011711810.1186/s12950-020-00246-4Ulcerative colitis: understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapiesAmandip Kaur0Paraskevi Goggolidou1Department of Biomedical Science and Physiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of WolverhamptonDepartment of Biomedical Science and Physiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of WolverhamptonAbstract Dynamic interactions between the gastrointestinal epithelium and the mucosal immune system normally contribute to ensuring intestinal homeostasis and optimal immunosurveillance, but destabilisation of these interactions in genetically predisposed individuals can lead to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Ulcerative colitis is one of the main types of inflammatory diseases that affect the bowel, but its pathogenesis has yet to be completely defined. Several genetic factors and other inflammation-related genes are implicated in mediating the inflammation and development of the disease. Some susceptibility loci associated with increased risk of ulcerative colitis are found to be implicated in mucosal barrier function. Different biomarkers that cause damage to the colonic mucosa can be detected in patients, including perinuclear ANCA, which is also useful in distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colitides. The choice of treatment for ulcerative colitis depends on disease severity. Therapeutic strategies include anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) monoclonal antibodies used to block the production of TNF-α that mediates intestinal tract inflammation, an anti-adhesion drug that prevents lymphocyte infiltration from the blood into the inflamed gut, inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 that suppress the innate immune cell signalling and interferons α/β which stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as faecal microbiota transplantation. Although further research is still required to fully dissect the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis, understanding its cellular pathology and molecular mechanisms has already proven beneficial and it has got the potential to identify further novel, effective targets for therapy and reduce the burden of this chronic disease.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12950-020-00246-4Ulcerative colitisCytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4)IL-10Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)Faecal microbiota transplantation |
| spellingShingle | Amandip Kaur Paraskevi Goggolidou Ulcerative colitis: understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapies Journal of Inflammation Ulcerative colitis Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) IL-10 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) Faecal microbiota transplantation |
| title | Ulcerative colitis: understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapies |
| title_full | Ulcerative colitis: understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapies |
| title_fullStr | Ulcerative colitis: understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ulcerative colitis: understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapies |
| title_short | Ulcerative colitis: understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapies |
| title_sort | ulcerative colitis understanding its cellular pathology could provide insights into novel therapies |
| topic | Ulcerative colitis Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) IL-10 Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) Faecal microbiota transplantation |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12950-020-00246-4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT amandipkaur ulcerativecolitisunderstandingitscellularpathologycouldprovideinsightsintonoveltherapies AT paraskevigoggolidou ulcerativecolitisunderstandingitscellularpathologycouldprovideinsightsintonoveltherapies |