Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements
Emerging and low-carbon technologies and innovations are driving a need for domestic sources, sustainable use, and availability of critical minerals (CMs)—those vital to the national and economic security of the United States. Understanding the known and potential health effects of exposures to such...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/188 |
| _version_ | 1797617987008593920 |
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| author | Jill A. Jenkins MaryLynn Musgrove Sarah Jane O. White |
| author_facet | Jill A. Jenkins MaryLynn Musgrove Sarah Jane O. White |
| author_sort | Jill A. Jenkins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Emerging and low-carbon technologies and innovations are driving a need for domestic sources, sustainable use, and availability of critical minerals (CMs)—those vital to the national and economic security of the United States. Understanding the known and potential health effects of exposures to such mineral commodities can inform prudent and environmentally responsible handling and harvesting. We review the occurrence, use, predominant exposure pathways, and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for human and fish receptors of those CMs that are nutritionally essential trace metals (specifically, cobalt, chromium, manganese, nickel, and zinc), as well as the rare earth elements. Biological responses to some elements having comparable biogeochemistry can sometimes be similar. Candidate quantifiable biomarkers for assessing potential AOP are conveyed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:03:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5de93aae41bf4569a59c4e53391be422 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:03:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5de93aae41bf4569a59c4e53391be4222023-11-16T23:38:09ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-02-0111218810.3390/toxics11020188Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth ElementsJill A. Jenkins0MaryLynn Musgrove1Sarah Jane O. White2Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 700 Cajundome Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70506, USAOklahoma-Texas Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 1505 Ferguson Lane, Austin, TX 78754, USAGeology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr., Reston, VA 20192, USAEmerging and low-carbon technologies and innovations are driving a need for domestic sources, sustainable use, and availability of critical minerals (CMs)—those vital to the national and economic security of the United States. Understanding the known and potential health effects of exposures to such mineral commodities can inform prudent and environmentally responsible handling and harvesting. We review the occurrence, use, predominant exposure pathways, and adverse outcome pathways (AOP) for human and fish receptors of those CMs that are nutritionally essential trace metals (specifically, cobalt, chromium, manganese, nickel, and zinc), as well as the rare earth elements. Biological responses to some elements having comparable biogeochemistry can sometimes be similar. Candidate quantifiable biomarkers for assessing potential AOP are conveyed.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/188adverse outcome pathwayaquatic animalsessential metalscobaltchromiummanganese |
| spellingShingle | Jill A. Jenkins MaryLynn Musgrove Sarah Jane O. White Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements Toxics adverse outcome pathway aquatic animals essential metals cobalt chromium manganese |
| title | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
| title_full | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
| title_fullStr | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
| title_short | Outlining Potential Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect to Critical Minerals: Nutritionally Essential Trace Elements and the Rare Earth Elements |
| title_sort | outlining potential biomarkers of exposure and effect to critical minerals nutritionally essential trace elements and the rare earth elements |
| topic | adverse outcome pathway aquatic animals essential metals cobalt chromium manganese |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/188 |
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