Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from <i>Lymantria dispar</i> and Induced Expression upon Immune Stimulant
The gypsy moth, <i>Lymantria dispar</i>, is a polyphagous forest pest worldwide. The baculovirus, <i>Lymantria dispar</i> multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) is a natural pathogen of <i>L. dispar</i>. The Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway plays a crucial role i...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/9/827 |
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| author | Long Liu Yu-Shan Wei Dun Wang |
| author_facet | Long Liu Yu-Shan Wei Dun Wang |
| author_sort | Long Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gypsy moth, <i>Lymantria dispar</i>, is a polyphagous forest pest worldwide. The baculovirus, <i>Lymantria dispar</i> multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) is a natural pathogen of <i>L. dispar</i>. The Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity in animals. However, The TLR pathway and its underlying immune mechanism against baculovirus in <i>L. dispar</i> have not been explored. In this study, eleven TLRs and five downstream TLR pathway components were identified and characterized from <i>L. dispar</i>. Structural analysis indicated that intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains of LdTLRs and LdMyD88 contained three conserved motifs, and the 3D structures of TIR domains of LdTLRs possessed similar patterns in components arrangement and spatial conformation. The TLR proteins of <i>L. dispar</i> were placed into five monophyletic groups based on the phylogenetic analysis. <i>LdTLR1</i>, <i>2</i>, <i>5</i>, <i>6</i>, <i>7</i>, <i>8</i> and all identified downstream TLR pathway factors were highly induced upon LdMNPV infection, indicating that the TLR pathway of <i>L. dispar</i> was activated and might play a role in the immune response to LdMNPV infection. Collectively, these results help elucidate the crucial role of the TLR pathway in the immune response of <i>L. dispar</i> against LdMNPV, and offer a foundation for further understanding of innate immunity of the pest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:33:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5df05178000f43368f1dde574c26a4fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:33:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-5df05178000f43368f1dde574c26a4fa2023-11-22T13:37:09ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-09-0112982710.3390/insects12090827Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from <i>Lymantria dispar</i> and Induced Expression upon Immune StimulantLong Liu0Yu-Shan Wei1Dun Wang2State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaThe gypsy moth, <i>Lymantria dispar</i>, is a polyphagous forest pest worldwide. The baculovirus, <i>Lymantria dispar</i> multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) is a natural pathogen of <i>L. dispar</i>. The Toll-like receptors (TLR) pathway plays a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity in animals. However, The TLR pathway and its underlying immune mechanism against baculovirus in <i>L. dispar</i> have not been explored. In this study, eleven TLRs and five downstream TLR pathway components were identified and characterized from <i>L. dispar</i>. Structural analysis indicated that intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains of LdTLRs and LdMyD88 contained three conserved motifs, and the 3D structures of TIR domains of LdTLRs possessed similar patterns in components arrangement and spatial conformation. The TLR proteins of <i>L. dispar</i> were placed into five monophyletic groups based on the phylogenetic analysis. <i>LdTLR1</i>, <i>2</i>, <i>5</i>, <i>6</i>, <i>7</i>, <i>8</i> and all identified downstream TLR pathway factors were highly induced upon LdMNPV infection, indicating that the TLR pathway of <i>L. dispar</i> was activated and might play a role in the immune response to LdMNPV infection. Collectively, these results help elucidate the crucial role of the TLR pathway in the immune response of <i>L. dispar</i> against LdMNPV, and offer a foundation for further understanding of innate immunity of the pest.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/9/827Toll-like receptorinnate immunity<i>Lymantria dispar</i>expression regulationbaculovirus infection |
| spellingShingle | Long Liu Yu-Shan Wei Dun Wang Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from <i>Lymantria dispar</i> and Induced Expression upon Immune Stimulant Insects Toll-like receptor innate immunity <i>Lymantria dispar</i> expression regulation baculovirus infection |
| title | Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from <i>Lymantria dispar</i> and Induced Expression upon Immune Stimulant |
| title_full | Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from <i>Lymantria dispar</i> and Induced Expression upon Immune Stimulant |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from <i>Lymantria dispar</i> and Induced Expression upon Immune Stimulant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from <i>Lymantria dispar</i> and Induced Expression upon Immune Stimulant |
| title_short | Identification of Core Genes of Toll-like Receptor Pathway from <i>Lymantria dispar</i> and Induced Expression upon Immune Stimulant |
| title_sort | identification of core genes of toll like receptor pathway from i lymantria dispar i and induced expression upon immune stimulant |
| topic | Toll-like receptor innate immunity <i>Lymantria dispar</i> expression regulation baculovirus infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/9/827 |
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