Comparison of echocardiographic methods for calculating left ventricular mass in elite rugby football league athletes and the impact on chamber geometry
BackgroundRecommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) mass in the athlete suggest the use of the linear method using a two-tiered classification system (2TC). The aims of this study were to compare the linear method and the area-length (A-L) method for LV mass in el...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1270444/full |
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| author | Rebecca McGregor-Cheers Lynsey Forsythe Robert Cooper Christopher Johnson Nicholas Sculthorpe Michael Papadakis Nathan Mill Matt Daniels Geert Kleinnibbelink Keith George David Oxborough |
| author_facet | Rebecca McGregor-Cheers Lynsey Forsythe Robert Cooper Christopher Johnson Nicholas Sculthorpe Michael Papadakis Nathan Mill Matt Daniels Geert Kleinnibbelink Keith George David Oxborough |
| author_sort | Rebecca McGregor-Cheers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundRecommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) mass in the athlete suggest the use of the linear method using a two-tiered classification system (2TC). The aims of this study were to compare the linear method and the area-length (A-L) method for LV mass in elite rugby football league (RFL) athletes and to establish how any differences impact the classification of LV geometry using 2TC and four-tier (4TC) classification systems.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty (220) male RFL athletes aged 25 ± 5 (14–34 years) were recruited. All athletes underwent echocardiography and LV mass was calculated by the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) corrected Linear equation (2D) and the A-L method. Left ventricular mass Index (LVMi) was used with relative wall thickness to determine geometry in the 2TC and with concentricity and LV end diastolic volume index for the 4TC. Method specific recommended cut-offs were utilised.ResultsHigher values of absolute (197 ± 34 vs. 181 ± 34 g; p < 0.0001) and indexed (92 ± 13 vs. 85 ± 13 g/m2; p < 0.0001) measures of LV mass were obtained from A-L compared to the linear method. Normal LV geometry was demonstrated in 98.2% and 80% of athletes whilst eccentric hypertrophy in 1.4% and 19.5% for linear and A-L respectively. Both methods provided 0.5% as having concentric remodelling and 0% as having concentric hypertrophy. Allocation to the 4TC resulted in 97% and 80% with normal geometry, 0% and 8.6% with eccentric dilated hypertrophy, 0% and 7.7% with eccentric non-dilated hypertrophy, 1.4% and 0.5% with concentric remodelling and 1.4% and 3% with concentric non-dilated hypertrophy for linear and A-L methods respectively. No participants had concentric dilated hypertrophy from either methods.ConclusionThe linear and A-L method for calculation of LV mass in RFL athletes are not interchangeable with significantly higher values obtained using A-L method impacting on geometry classification. More athletes present with eccentric hypertrophy using 2TC and eccentric dilated/non-dilated using 4TC. Further studies should be aimed at establishing the association of A-L methods of LV mass and application of the 4TC to the multi-factorial demographics of the athlete. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:14:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5dff4c8ef6d34721b41805ed1ff8f163 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:14:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-5dff4c8ef6d34721b41805ed1ff8f1632023-09-13T17:54:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672023-09-01510.3389/fspor.2023.12704441270444Comparison of echocardiographic methods for calculating left ventricular mass in elite rugby football league athletes and the impact on chamber geometryRebecca McGregor-Cheers0Lynsey Forsythe1Robert Cooper2Christopher Johnson3Nicholas Sculthorpe4Michael Papadakis5Nathan Mill6Matt Daniels7Geert Kleinnibbelink8Keith George9David Oxborough10Research Institute for Sports and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United KingdomCardiology Department, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United KingdomResearch Institute for Sports and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United KingdomResearch Institute for Sports and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United KingdomSport and Physical Activity Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, United KingdomCardiovascular Sciences Research Centre, St Georges University of London, London, United KingdomSt Helens Rugby Football League Club, St Helens, United KingdomSt Helens Rugby Football League Club, St Helens, United KingdomDepartment of Cardiology, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, NetherlandsResearch Institute for Sports and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United KingdomResearch Institute for Sports and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United KingdomBackgroundRecommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular (LV) mass in the athlete suggest the use of the linear method using a two-tiered classification system (2TC). The aims of this study were to compare the linear method and the area-length (A-L) method for LV mass in elite rugby football league (RFL) athletes and to establish how any differences impact the classification of LV geometry using 2TC and four-tier (4TC) classification systems.MethodsTwo hundred and twenty (220) male RFL athletes aged 25 ± 5 (14–34 years) were recruited. All athletes underwent echocardiography and LV mass was calculated by the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) corrected Linear equation (2D) and the A-L method. Left ventricular mass Index (LVMi) was used with relative wall thickness to determine geometry in the 2TC and with concentricity and LV end diastolic volume index for the 4TC. Method specific recommended cut-offs were utilised.ResultsHigher values of absolute (197 ± 34 vs. 181 ± 34 g; p < 0.0001) and indexed (92 ± 13 vs. 85 ± 13 g/m2; p < 0.0001) measures of LV mass were obtained from A-L compared to the linear method. Normal LV geometry was demonstrated in 98.2% and 80% of athletes whilst eccentric hypertrophy in 1.4% and 19.5% for linear and A-L respectively. Both methods provided 0.5% as having concentric remodelling and 0% as having concentric hypertrophy. Allocation to the 4TC resulted in 97% and 80% with normal geometry, 0% and 8.6% with eccentric dilated hypertrophy, 0% and 7.7% with eccentric non-dilated hypertrophy, 1.4% and 0.5% with concentric remodelling and 1.4% and 3% with concentric non-dilated hypertrophy for linear and A-L methods respectively. No participants had concentric dilated hypertrophy from either methods.ConclusionThe linear and A-L method for calculation of LV mass in RFL athletes are not interchangeable with significantly higher values obtained using A-L method impacting on geometry classification. More athletes present with eccentric hypertrophy using 2TC and eccentric dilated/non-dilated using 4TC. Further studies should be aimed at establishing the association of A-L methods of LV mass and application of the 4TC to the multi-factorial demographics of the athlete.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1270444/fullathletes heartechocardiographyleft ventricleleft ventricular massrugbyleft ventricular geometry |
| spellingShingle | Rebecca McGregor-Cheers Lynsey Forsythe Robert Cooper Christopher Johnson Nicholas Sculthorpe Michael Papadakis Nathan Mill Matt Daniels Geert Kleinnibbelink Keith George David Oxborough Comparison of echocardiographic methods for calculating left ventricular mass in elite rugby football league athletes and the impact on chamber geometry Frontiers in Sports and Active Living athletes heart echocardiography left ventricle left ventricular mass rugby left ventricular geometry |
| title | Comparison of echocardiographic methods for calculating left ventricular mass in elite rugby football league athletes and the impact on chamber geometry |
| title_full | Comparison of echocardiographic methods for calculating left ventricular mass in elite rugby football league athletes and the impact on chamber geometry |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of echocardiographic methods for calculating left ventricular mass in elite rugby football league athletes and the impact on chamber geometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of echocardiographic methods for calculating left ventricular mass in elite rugby football league athletes and the impact on chamber geometry |
| title_short | Comparison of echocardiographic methods for calculating left ventricular mass in elite rugby football league athletes and the impact on chamber geometry |
| title_sort | comparison of echocardiographic methods for calculating left ventricular mass in elite rugby football league athletes and the impact on chamber geometry |
| topic | athletes heart echocardiography left ventricle left ventricular mass rugby left ventricular geometry |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2023.1270444/full |
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