Investigation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanolic and methanolic extracts
Abstract Camellia sinensis is rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols; Thymus vulgaris contains bioactive compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins) and Zanthoxylum armatum is primarily composed of volatile oils, amides, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignan, and coumarin. The antibacterial, antifunga...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Food Science & Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3569 |
| _version_ | 1797662515900973056 |
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| author | Sobia Rafique Mian Anjum Murtaza Iram Hafiz Kashif Ameer Mir Muhammad Nasir Qayyum Shazia Yaqub Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed |
| author_facet | Sobia Rafique Mian Anjum Murtaza Iram Hafiz Kashif Ameer Mir Muhammad Nasir Qayyum Shazia Yaqub Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed |
| author_sort | Sobia Rafique |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Camellia sinensis is rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols; Thymus vulgaris contains bioactive compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins) and Zanthoxylum armatum is primarily composed of volatile oils, amides, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignan, and coumarin. The antibacterial, antifungal, biofilm inhibition, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanol and methanol extracts at different concentrations (30%, 50%, and 80%) were determined. The antioxidant activity and content were measured as free radical scavenging assay (DPPH), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC). Furthermore, hemolytic and thrombolytic analysis was carried out to determine toxicity. In antimicrobial assays, 80% methanol thyme extract showed highest (15.31 mm) antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, and 80% ethanol green tea extract showed optimal antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Ethanol 30% green tea extract resulted in highest (26.61 mm) antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The maximum (54.73%) biofilm inhibition was resulted by methanol 50% thyme extract for Escherichia coli. In antioxidant activity and content, methanol 50% green tea extract had highest (80.82%) antioxidant activity, whereas, ethanol 80% green tea extract had maximum (1474.55 mg CE/g DW) TFC and methanol 80% green tea extract had maximum (593.05 mg GAE/g) TPC. In toxicological assays, methanol 30% green tea extract had highest (25.28%) thrombolytic activity, and ethanol 80% tejphal extract had maximum (18.24%) hemolytic activity. This study has highlighted the significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum extracts that could be beneficial to treat various diseases (cancer, diabetes, and respiratory diseases) and may be utilized as functional ingredient in the preparation of functional foods and drinks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:00:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e144b2858aa46aaa4821e337cdf994b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2048-7177 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T19:00:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Food Science & Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e144b2858aa46aaa4821e337cdf994b2023-10-10T12:30:22ZengWileyFood Science & Nutrition2048-71772023-10-0111106303631110.1002/fsn3.3569Investigation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanolic and methanolic extractsSobia Rafique0Mian Anjum Murtaza1Iram Hafiz2Kashif Ameer3Mir Muhammad Nasir Qayyum4Shazia Yaqub5Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed6Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha PakistanInstitute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha PakistanInstitute of Chemistry University of Sargodha Sargodha PakistanInstitute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha PakistanDepartment of Agriculture and Food Technology Karakoram International University Gilgit PakistanInstitute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha PakistanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi ArabiaAbstract Camellia sinensis is rich in antioxidants such as polyphenols; Thymus vulgaris contains bioactive compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and tannins) and Zanthoxylum armatum is primarily composed of volatile oils, amides, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignan, and coumarin. The antibacterial, antifungal, biofilm inhibition, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanol and methanol extracts at different concentrations (30%, 50%, and 80%) were determined. The antioxidant activity and content were measured as free radical scavenging assay (DPPH), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total phenolic content (TPC). Furthermore, hemolytic and thrombolytic analysis was carried out to determine toxicity. In antimicrobial assays, 80% methanol thyme extract showed highest (15.31 mm) antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, and 80% ethanol green tea extract showed optimal antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Ethanol 30% green tea extract resulted in highest (26.61 mm) antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger. The maximum (54.73%) biofilm inhibition was resulted by methanol 50% thyme extract for Escherichia coli. In antioxidant activity and content, methanol 50% green tea extract had highest (80.82%) antioxidant activity, whereas, ethanol 80% green tea extract had maximum (1474.55 mg CE/g DW) TFC and methanol 80% green tea extract had maximum (593.05 mg GAE/g) TPC. In toxicological assays, methanol 30% green tea extract had highest (25.28%) thrombolytic activity, and ethanol 80% tejphal extract had maximum (18.24%) hemolytic activity. This study has highlighted the significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum extracts that could be beneficial to treat various diseases (cancer, diabetes, and respiratory diseases) and may be utilized as functional ingredient in the preparation of functional foods and drinks.https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3569antioxidant activitiesgreen teamicrobial assaysTejphalthymetoxicological assays |
| spellingShingle | Sobia Rafique Mian Anjum Murtaza Iram Hafiz Kashif Ameer Mir Muhammad Nasir Qayyum Shazia Yaqub Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed Investigation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanolic and methanolic extracts Food Science & Nutrition antioxidant activities green tea microbial assays Tejphal thyme toxicological assays |
| title | Investigation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanolic and methanolic extracts |
| title_full | Investigation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanolic and methanolic extracts |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanolic and methanolic extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanolic and methanolic extracts |
| title_short | Investigation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, hemolytic, and thrombolytic activities of Camellia sinensis, Thymus vulgaris, and Zanthoxylum armatum ethanolic and methanolic extracts |
| title_sort | investigation of the antimicrobial antioxidant hemolytic and thrombolytic activities of camellia sinensis thymus vulgaris and zanthoxylum armatum ethanolic and methanolic extracts |
| topic | antioxidant activities green tea microbial assays Tejphal thyme toxicological assays |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3569 |
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