HPV-Related Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity
Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are prone to develop infections, either due to a broad spectrum of pathogens or to only one microbe. Since skin is a major barrier tissue, cutaneous infections are among the most prevalent in patients with IEI due to high exposures to many microbes. In t...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/8/857 |
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| author | Assiya El Kettani Fatima Ailal Jalila El Bakkouri Khalid Zerouali Vivien Béziat Emmanuelle Jouanguy Jean-Laurent Casanova Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha |
| author_facet | Assiya El Kettani Fatima Ailal Jalila El Bakkouri Khalid Zerouali Vivien Béziat Emmanuelle Jouanguy Jean-Laurent Casanova Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha |
| author_sort | Assiya El Kettani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are prone to develop infections, either due to a broad spectrum of pathogens or to only one microbe. Since skin is a major barrier tissue, cutaneous infections are among the most prevalent in patients with IEI due to high exposures to many microbes. In the general population, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause asymptomatic or self-healing infections, but, in patients with IEI, unusual clinical expression of HPV infection is observed ranging from epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) (a rare disease due to β-HPVs) to profuse, persistent, and recalcitrant warts (due to α-, γ-, and μ-HPVs) or even tree man syndrome (due to HPV2). Mutations in EVER1, EVER2, and CIB1 are associated with EV phenotype; GATA2, CXCR4, and DOCK8 mutations are typically associated with extensive HPV infections, but there are several other IEI that are less frequently associated with severe HPV lesions. In this review, we describe clinical, immunological, and genetic patterns of IEI related to severe HPV cutaneous infections and propose an algorithm for diagnosis of IEI with severe warts associated, or not, with lymphopenia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:48:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e1cb2a6fb6b45138baf50f43594e087 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:48:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e1cb2a6fb6b45138baf50f43594e0872023-11-30T22:09:08ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-07-0111885710.3390/pathogens11080857HPV-Related Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Inborn Errors of ImmunityAssiya El Kettani0Fatima Ailal1Jalila El Bakkouri2Khalid Zerouali3Vivien Béziat4Emmanuelle Jouanguy5Jean-Laurent Casanova6Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha7Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy LICIA, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20250, MoroccoLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy LICIA, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20250, MoroccoLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy LICIA, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20250, MoroccoLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy LICIA, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20250, MoroccoLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75015 Paris, FranceLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75015 Paris, FranceLaboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75015 Paris, FranceLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy LICIA, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20250, MoroccoPatients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are prone to develop infections, either due to a broad spectrum of pathogens or to only one microbe. Since skin is a major barrier tissue, cutaneous infections are among the most prevalent in patients with IEI due to high exposures to many microbes. In the general population, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause asymptomatic or self-healing infections, but, in patients with IEI, unusual clinical expression of HPV infection is observed ranging from epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) (a rare disease due to β-HPVs) to profuse, persistent, and recalcitrant warts (due to α-, γ-, and μ-HPVs) or even tree man syndrome (due to HPV2). Mutations in EVER1, EVER2, and CIB1 are associated with EV phenotype; GATA2, CXCR4, and DOCK8 mutations are typically associated with extensive HPV infections, but there are several other IEI that are less frequently associated with severe HPV lesions. In this review, we describe clinical, immunological, and genetic patterns of IEI related to severe HPV cutaneous infections and propose an algorithm for diagnosis of IEI with severe warts associated, or not, with lymphopenia.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/8/857HPVskininborn errors of immunity |
| spellingShingle | Assiya El Kettani Fatima Ailal Jalila El Bakkouri Khalid Zerouali Vivien Béziat Emmanuelle Jouanguy Jean-Laurent Casanova Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha HPV-Related Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity Pathogens HPV skin inborn errors of immunity |
| title | HPV-Related Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity |
| title_full | HPV-Related Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity |
| title_fullStr | HPV-Related Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | HPV-Related Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity |
| title_short | HPV-Related Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity |
| title_sort | hpv related skin phenotypes in patients with inborn errors of immunity |
| topic | HPV skin inborn errors of immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/8/857 |
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