Genomic Investigation Reveals a Community Typhoid Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water in China, 2016
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and remains a significant public health burden in developing countries. In China, typhoid fever is endemic with a limited number of reported outbreaks. Recently, Chinese local Center for Disease Preven...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.753085/full |
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| author | Bin Hu Peibin Hou Lin Teng Song Miao Lijiang Zhao Shengxiang Ji Tao Li Corinna Kehrenberg Dianmin Kang Min Yue Min Yue Min Yue |
| author_facet | Bin Hu Peibin Hou Lin Teng Song Miao Lijiang Zhao Shengxiang Ji Tao Li Corinna Kehrenberg Dianmin Kang Min Yue Min Yue Min Yue |
| author_sort | Bin Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Typhoid fever is a life-threatening disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and remains a significant public health burden in developing countries. In China, typhoid fever is endemic with a limited number of reported outbreaks. Recently, Chinese local Center for Disease Prevention and Control is starting to apply whole genome sequencing for tracking the source of outbreak isolates. In this study, we conducted a retrospective investigation into a community outbreak of typhoid fever in Lanling, China, in 2016. A total of 26 S. Typhi isolates were recovered from the drinking water (n = 1) and patients' blood (n = 24) and stool (n = 1). Phylogenetic analysis indicated the persistence of the outbreak isolates in drinking water for more than 3 months. The genomic comparison demonstrated a high similarity between the isolate from water and isolates from patients in their genomic content, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance gene profile, indicating the S. Typhi isolate from drinking water was responsible for the examined outbreak. The result of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed these isolates had identical PFGE pattern, indicating they are clonal variants. Additionally, phylogeographical analysis of global S. Typhi isolates suggested the outbreak isolates are evolutionarily linked to the isolates from the United Kingdom and Vietnam. Taken together, this study highlights the drinking water and international travel as critical control points of mitigating the outbreak, emphasizing the necessity of regular monitoring of this pathogen in China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:38:57Z |
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| id | doaj.art-5e2018d896ab4f5e98b5bda16a8024da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T08:38:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e2018d896ab4f5e98b5bda16a8024da2022-12-22T02:53:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2022-03-01910.3389/fmed.2022.753085753085Genomic Investigation Reveals a Community Typhoid Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water in China, 2016Bin Hu0Peibin Hou1Lin Teng2Song Miao3Lijiang Zhao4Shengxiang Ji5Tao Li6Corinna Kehrenberg7Dianmin Kang8Min Yue9Min Yue10Min Yue11Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, ChinaShandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaShandong Medical College, Jinan, ChinaLinyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, ChinaLinyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, ChinaLinyi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Linyi, ChinaInstitute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, GermanyShandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaThe Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, ChinaTyphoid fever is a life-threatening disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and remains a significant public health burden in developing countries. In China, typhoid fever is endemic with a limited number of reported outbreaks. Recently, Chinese local Center for Disease Prevention and Control is starting to apply whole genome sequencing for tracking the source of outbreak isolates. In this study, we conducted a retrospective investigation into a community outbreak of typhoid fever in Lanling, China, in 2016. A total of 26 S. Typhi isolates were recovered from the drinking water (n = 1) and patients' blood (n = 24) and stool (n = 1). Phylogenetic analysis indicated the persistence of the outbreak isolates in drinking water for more than 3 months. The genomic comparison demonstrated a high similarity between the isolate from water and isolates from patients in their genomic content, virulence gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance gene profile, indicating the S. Typhi isolate from drinking water was responsible for the examined outbreak. The result of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed these isolates had identical PFGE pattern, indicating they are clonal variants. Additionally, phylogeographical analysis of global S. Typhi isolates suggested the outbreak isolates are evolutionarily linked to the isolates from the United Kingdom and Vietnam. Taken together, this study highlights the drinking water and international travel as critical control points of mitigating the outbreak, emphasizing the necessity of regular monitoring of this pathogen in China.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.753085/fullSalmonella Typhioutbreaktyphoid feverdrinking watergenomics |
| spellingShingle | Bin Hu Peibin Hou Lin Teng Song Miao Lijiang Zhao Shengxiang Ji Tao Li Corinna Kehrenberg Dianmin Kang Min Yue Min Yue Min Yue Genomic Investigation Reveals a Community Typhoid Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water in China, 2016 Frontiers in Medicine Salmonella Typhi outbreak typhoid fever drinking water genomics |
| title | Genomic Investigation Reveals a Community Typhoid Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water in China, 2016 |
| title_full | Genomic Investigation Reveals a Community Typhoid Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water in China, 2016 |
| title_fullStr | Genomic Investigation Reveals a Community Typhoid Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water in China, 2016 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genomic Investigation Reveals a Community Typhoid Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water in China, 2016 |
| title_short | Genomic Investigation Reveals a Community Typhoid Outbreak Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water in China, 2016 |
| title_sort | genomic investigation reveals a community typhoid outbreak caused by contaminated drinking water in china 2016 |
| topic | Salmonella Typhi outbreak typhoid fever drinking water genomics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.753085/full |
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