Antennas as Precise Sensors for GNSS Reference Stations and High-Performance PNT Applications on Earth and in Space
Satellite navigation is more and more important in a plethora of very different application fields, ranging from bank transactions to shipping, from autonomous driving to aerial applications, such as commercial avionics as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In very precise positioning, navigat...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4192 |
| _version_ | 1827689425333649408 |
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| author | Stefano Caizzone Miriam Schönfeldt Wahid Elmarissi Mihaela-Simona Circiu |
| author_facet | Stefano Caizzone Miriam Schönfeldt Wahid Elmarissi Mihaela-Simona Circiu |
| author_sort | Stefano Caizzone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Satellite navigation is more and more important in a plethora of very different application fields, ranging from bank transactions to shipping, from autonomous driving to aerial applications, such as commercial avionics as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In very precise positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) applications, such as in reference stations and precise timing stations, it is important to characterize all errors present in the system in order to account possibly for them or calibrate them out. Antennas play an important role in this respect: they are indeed the “sensor” that capture the signal in space from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and thereby strongly contribute to the overall achievable performance. This paper reviews the currently available antenna technologies, targeting specifically reference stations as well as precise GNSS antennas for space applications, and, after introducing performance indicators, summarizes the currently achievable performance. Finally, open research issues are identified, and possible approaches to solve them are discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:17:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e21a115f17144bfafc43270f7e845bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:17:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e21a115f17144bfafc43270f7e845bf2023-11-22T00:43:22ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-06-012112419210.3390/s21124192Antennas as Precise Sensors for GNSS Reference Stations and High-Performance PNT Applications on Earth and in SpaceStefano Caizzone0Miriam Schönfeldt1Wahid Elmarissi2Mihaela-Simona Circiu3Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Wessling, GermanyInstitute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Wessling, GermanyInstitute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Wessling, GermanyInstitute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Wessling, GermanySatellite navigation is more and more important in a plethora of very different application fields, ranging from bank transactions to shipping, from autonomous driving to aerial applications, such as commercial avionics as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In very precise positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) applications, such as in reference stations and precise timing stations, it is important to characterize all errors present in the system in order to account possibly for them or calibrate them out. Antennas play an important role in this respect: they are indeed the “sensor” that capture the signal in space from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and thereby strongly contribute to the overall achievable performance. This paper reviews the currently available antenna technologies, targeting specifically reference stations as well as precise GNSS antennas for space applications, and, after introducing performance indicators, summarizes the currently achievable performance. Finally, open research issues are identified, and possible approaches to solve them are discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4192GNSSantennamultipathPNTreference stationsatellite |
| spellingShingle | Stefano Caizzone Miriam Schönfeldt Wahid Elmarissi Mihaela-Simona Circiu Antennas as Precise Sensors for GNSS Reference Stations and High-Performance PNT Applications on Earth and in Space Sensors GNSS antenna multipath PNT reference station satellite |
| title | Antennas as Precise Sensors for GNSS Reference Stations and High-Performance PNT Applications on Earth and in Space |
| title_full | Antennas as Precise Sensors for GNSS Reference Stations and High-Performance PNT Applications on Earth and in Space |
| title_fullStr | Antennas as Precise Sensors for GNSS Reference Stations and High-Performance PNT Applications on Earth and in Space |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antennas as Precise Sensors for GNSS Reference Stations and High-Performance PNT Applications on Earth and in Space |
| title_short | Antennas as Precise Sensors for GNSS Reference Stations and High-Performance PNT Applications on Earth and in Space |
| title_sort | antennas as precise sensors for gnss reference stations and high performance pnt applications on earth and in space |
| topic | GNSS antenna multipath PNT reference station satellite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/12/4192 |
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