Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar rats
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the known causes of anovulatory fertility in the world. Previous research has linked oxidative stress could contribute to PCOS, and vanillic acid has shown antioxidant potential. Hence, the present study evaluated the effect of vanillic acid o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016424000033 |
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| author | Pradnya V Gadhave Guruprasad V Sutar Sachin J Sajane Vivekkumar K. Redasani Kuntal Das Dharani Prasad P Saad Alobid Ali Ibrahim Almoteer Syed Imam Rabbani Farhana Yasmin Rafiulla Gilkaramenthi Majidah Abdulrazaq AlAnazi Haya Jameel Alshamrani Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq |
| author_facet | Pradnya V Gadhave Guruprasad V Sutar Sachin J Sajane Vivekkumar K. Redasani Kuntal Das Dharani Prasad P Saad Alobid Ali Ibrahim Almoteer Syed Imam Rabbani Farhana Yasmin Rafiulla Gilkaramenthi Majidah Abdulrazaq AlAnazi Haya Jameel Alshamrani Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq |
| author_sort | Pradnya V Gadhave |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the known causes of anovulatory fertility in the world. Previous research has linked oxidative stress could contribute to PCOS, and vanillic acid has shown antioxidant potential. Hence, the present study evaluated the effect of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in female rats. Materials and methods: PCOS was induced in Wistar female rats with letrozole (1 mg/kg, orally) in carboxymethoxycellulose (1 % w/v), administered for 21 days. After induction, the standard group received clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg, orally) while other treatment groups were administered with vanillic acid at doses 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, orally for 15 days, and without treatment was considered a negative control group. Different parameters studied were body weight, ovary weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, hormonal levels [luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone], markers for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase, and malonaldehyde), and histopathology of the ovary. Statistical analysis was done for the results and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate the significance. Results: Vanillic acid-treated animals showed a concentration-dependent activity on the tested parameters. The highest tested dose (100 mg/kg) produced a more prominent effect in significantly (P < 0.001) decreasing the body weight, and ovary weight and improving the hormonal imbalance. Also, vanillic acid significantly (P < 0.01) reduced elevated blood sugar and lipid levels. Additionally, vanillic acid reduced oxidative stress significantly (P < 0.001) in the ovaries of female rats. Histopathological reports showed a reduction in cystic follicles and appearance of normal healthy follicles at different stages of development after the administration of vanillic acid. Furthermore, these effects were observed to be comparable with those recorded for standard drug, clomiphene. Conclusion: The current study data suggests that vanillic acid has protected the letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. In the event of several side effects associated with conventional treatments used for PCOS, the findings of this study suggest the promising role of vanillic acid. More research in this direction might identify the true potency of vanillic acid in the treatment of PCOS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:55:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e236b1702e444169f98788c6b0608b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1319-0164 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:55:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e236b1702e444169f98788c6b0608b42024-02-23T04:58:59ZengElsevierSaudi Pharmaceutical Journal1319-01642024-02-01322101953Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar ratsPradnya V Gadhave0Guruprasad V Sutar1Sachin J Sajane2Vivekkumar K. Redasani3Kuntal Das4Dharani Prasad P5Saad Alobid6Ali Ibrahim Almoteer7Syed Imam Rabbani8Farhana Yasmin9Rafiulla Gilkaramenthi10Majidah Abdulrazaq AlAnazi11Haya Jameel Alshamrani12Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq13YSPM’s Yashoda Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmacy, Satara-415011, Maharashtra, India; Corresponding authors at: YSPM’s Yashoda Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmacy, Satara-415011, Maharashtra, IndiaAnnasaheb Dange College of B Pharmacy, Ashta, Tal. Walva, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra 416 301, IndiaAnnasaheb Dange College of B Pharmacy, Ashta, Tal. Walva, Dist. Sangli, Maharashtra 416 301, IndiaYSPM’s Yashoda Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmacy, Satara-415011, Maharashtra, IndiaMallige College of Pharmacy, #71, Silvepura, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore 560090, IndiaDept of Pharmacology, Mohan Babu University, MB School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sree Sainath Nagar, Tirupati, Chittor AP-517102, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Science, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Emergency Medical Services, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah, 13713 Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Dariyah, 13713 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding authors at: YSPM’s Yashoda Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmacy, Satara-415011, Maharashtra, IndiaBackground: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the known causes of anovulatory fertility in the world. Previous research has linked oxidative stress could contribute to PCOS, and vanillic acid has shown antioxidant potential. Hence, the present study evaluated the effect of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in female rats. Materials and methods: PCOS was induced in Wistar female rats with letrozole (1 mg/kg, orally) in carboxymethoxycellulose (1 % w/v), administered for 21 days. After induction, the standard group received clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg, orally) while other treatment groups were administered with vanillic acid at doses 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, orally for 15 days, and without treatment was considered a negative control group. Different parameters studied were body weight, ovary weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, hormonal levels [luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone], markers for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase, and malonaldehyde), and histopathology of the ovary. Statistical analysis was done for the results and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate the significance. Results: Vanillic acid-treated animals showed a concentration-dependent activity on the tested parameters. The highest tested dose (100 mg/kg) produced a more prominent effect in significantly (P < 0.001) decreasing the body weight, and ovary weight and improving the hormonal imbalance. Also, vanillic acid significantly (P < 0.01) reduced elevated blood sugar and lipid levels. Additionally, vanillic acid reduced oxidative stress significantly (P < 0.001) in the ovaries of female rats. Histopathological reports showed a reduction in cystic follicles and appearance of normal healthy follicles at different stages of development after the administration of vanillic acid. Furthermore, these effects were observed to be comparable with those recorded for standard drug, clomiphene. Conclusion: The current study data suggests that vanillic acid has protected the letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. In the event of several side effects associated with conventional treatments used for PCOS, the findings of this study suggest the promising role of vanillic acid. More research in this direction might identify the true potency of vanillic acid in the treatment of PCOS.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016424000033Drug screeningPolycystic ovarian syndromeVanillic acidLetrozoleDyslipidemiaOxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Pradnya V Gadhave Guruprasad V Sutar Sachin J Sajane Vivekkumar K. Redasani Kuntal Das Dharani Prasad P Saad Alobid Ali Ibrahim Almoteer Syed Imam Rabbani Farhana Yasmin Rafiulla Gilkaramenthi Majidah Abdulrazaq AlAnazi Haya Jameel Alshamrani Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar rats Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal Drug screening Polycystic ovarian syndrome Vanillic acid Letrozole Dyslipidemia Oxidative stress |
| title | Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar rats |
| title_full | Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar rats |
| title_fullStr | Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar rats |
| title_short | Protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome: A comprehensive study in female wistar rats |
| title_sort | protective effects of vanillic acid on letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome a comprehensive study in female wistar rats |
| topic | Drug screening Polycystic ovarian syndrome Vanillic acid Letrozole Dyslipidemia Oxidative stress |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319016424000033 |
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