Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial
There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence t...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/9/2159 |
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| author | Marcela P. Rodrigues Carolina B. Ferreira Kauane Aline M. Dos Santos Paula N. Merello Sinara L. Rossato Sandra C. Fuchs Leila B. Moreira |
| author_facet | Marcela P. Rodrigues Carolina B. Ferreira Kauane Aline M. Dos Santos Paula N. Merello Sinara L. Rossato Sandra C. Fuchs Leila B. Moreira |
| author_sort | Marcela P. Rodrigues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence to sodium restriction. In this randomized parallel-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention using the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) scores. A follow-up period of 6 months was conducted. Participants were randomized into (1) an educational intervention provided by a registered dietitian on individual visits and dietary planning; (2) a control group with the usual care and dietary recommendations. Patients underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, 12-h fasting blood tests, spot urine collection, and assessment using DSRQ. We randomized 120 participants (67.5% women and 68.3% Caucasians), and 25 participants were lost to follow-up. The 24-h sodium urinary excretion changed in the control (Δ −1610 mg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1800 to −1410) and intervention groups (Δ −1670 mg/day; 95% CI −1800 to −1450) over time. There was no significant difference in the 24-h estimated sodium between groups. In hypertensive patients, DSRQ-based educational intervention is effective for improving the ability to detect and overcome obstacles to a low-sodium restriction diet but is as effective as dietary recommendations for lowering sodium. |
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| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:10:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e2941e8760b4c6584f2d0d81b28d3f82023-11-17T23:29:55ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-04-01159215910.3390/nu15092159Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled TrialMarcela P. Rodrigues0Carolina B. Ferreira1Kauane Aline M. Dos Santos2Paula N. Merello3Sinara L. Rossato4Sandra C. Fuchs5Leila B. Moreira6Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-002, BrazilPostgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-002, BrazilNursing School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90620-110, BrazilMedicine School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-002, BrazilGraduation Course in Collective Health, Institute of Geography, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia 38400-902, BrazilPostgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-002, BrazilPostgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-002, BrazilThere is sound evidence showing the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in lowering blood pressure (BP); however, adherence is usually poor. Interventions to induce behavioral changes aim to improve the ability to read labels, choose foods, and eat low-sodium meals, reinforcing adherence to sodium restriction. In this randomized parallel-controlled trial, we assessed the effectiveness of an educational intervention using the Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire (DSRQ) scores. A follow-up period of 6 months was conducted. Participants were randomized into (1) an educational intervention provided by a registered dietitian on individual visits and dietary planning; (2) a control group with the usual care and dietary recommendations. Patients underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, 12-h fasting blood tests, spot urine collection, and assessment using DSRQ. We randomized 120 participants (67.5% women and 68.3% Caucasians), and 25 participants were lost to follow-up. The 24-h sodium urinary excretion changed in the control (Δ −1610 mg/day; 95% confidence interval [CI] −1800 to −1410) and intervention groups (Δ −1670 mg/day; 95% CI −1800 to −1450) over time. There was no significant difference in the 24-h estimated sodium between groups. In hypertensive patients, DSRQ-based educational intervention is effective for improving the ability to detect and overcome obstacles to a low-sodium restriction diet but is as effective as dietary recommendations for lowering sodium.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/9/2159sodium restrictioneducational interventiondietary sodium restrictionlow-sodium dietadherencehypertension |
| spellingShingle | Marcela P. Rodrigues Carolina B. Ferreira Kauane Aline M. Dos Santos Paula N. Merello Sinara L. Rossato Sandra C. Fuchs Leila B. Moreira Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial Nutrients sodium restriction educational intervention dietary sodium restriction low-sodium diet adherence hypertension |
| title | Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full | Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_short | Efficacy of an Educational Intervention for Sodium Restriction in Patients with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_sort | efficacy of an educational intervention for sodium restriction in patients with hypertension a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | sodium restriction educational intervention dietary sodium restriction low-sodium diet adherence hypertension |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/9/2159 |
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