The Medial-Lateral Pedal Force Component Correlates with Q-Angle during Steady-State Cycling at Different Workloads and Cadences
Leg movement during cycling is constrained to the pedal/crank path and predominantly occurs in a sagittal plane. Medial-lateral force (FML) applied to the pedals is considered as a waste and does not contribute to the pedaling. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in FML across different...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/3/1004 |
| _version_ | 1797408237518061568 |
|---|---|
| author | Borut Fonda Jan Babič Nejc Šarabon |
| author_facet | Borut Fonda Jan Babič Nejc Šarabon |
| author_sort | Borut Fonda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Leg movement during cycling is constrained to the pedal/crank path and predominantly occurs in a sagittal plane. Medial-lateral force (FML) applied to the pedals is considered as a waste and does not contribute to the pedaling. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in FML across different cadences and workloads, and to examine the correlation with lateral knee movement (Q-angle). Twenty-two cyclists completed six trials at three workloads (2, 2.5 and 3 W/kg) and three cadences (75, 85, 95 rpm). Forces were recorded from the force pedal mounted to the left side. Absolute and normalized (to the peak total force) FML were compared across conditions and cross-correlation with Q-angle was calculated. Absolute FML was significantly different across cadences and workloads (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with higher absolute FML at higher cadence. There was no significant difference in normalized FML across the three cadences. There was a significant decrease in normalized FML (~10 N) at higher workloads. Statistically significant correlations were found between the FML and Q-angle (R = 0.70–0.77). The results demonstrate the link between the FML and Q-angle in healthy pain-free cyclists during stationary cycling. It has also been observed that smaller normalized magnitude of the FML is present when the force effectiveness is increased. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:56:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e337f2f065a45caac7945837e6ae507 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:56:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e337f2f065a45caac7945837e6ae5072023-12-03T14:20:09ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-01-01113100410.3390/app11031004The Medial-Lateral Pedal Force Component Correlates with Q-Angle during Steady-State Cycling at Different Workloads and CadencesBorut Fonda0Jan Babič1Nejc Šarabon2Faculty of Health Studies, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310 Izola, SloveniaJožef Stefan Institute, Jamova c. 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Health Studies, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310 Izola, SloveniaLeg movement during cycling is constrained to the pedal/crank path and predominantly occurs in a sagittal plane. Medial-lateral force (FML) applied to the pedals is considered as a waste and does not contribute to the pedaling. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in FML across different cadences and workloads, and to examine the correlation with lateral knee movement (Q-angle). Twenty-two cyclists completed six trials at three workloads (2, 2.5 and 3 W/kg) and three cadences (75, 85, 95 rpm). Forces were recorded from the force pedal mounted to the left side. Absolute and normalized (to the peak total force) FML were compared across conditions and cross-correlation with Q-angle was calculated. Absolute FML was significantly different across cadences and workloads (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with higher absolute FML at higher cadence. There was no significant difference in normalized FML across the three cadences. There was a significant decrease in normalized FML (~10 N) at higher workloads. Statistically significant correlations were found between the FML and Q-angle (R = 0.70–0.77). The results demonstrate the link between the FML and Q-angle in healthy pain-free cyclists during stationary cycling. It has also been observed that smaller normalized magnitude of the FML is present when the force effectiveness is increased.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/3/1004force pedalsperformancebiomechanics |
| spellingShingle | Borut Fonda Jan Babič Nejc Šarabon The Medial-Lateral Pedal Force Component Correlates with Q-Angle during Steady-State Cycling at Different Workloads and Cadences Applied Sciences force pedals performance biomechanics |
| title | The Medial-Lateral Pedal Force Component Correlates with Q-Angle during Steady-State Cycling at Different Workloads and Cadences |
| title_full | The Medial-Lateral Pedal Force Component Correlates with Q-Angle during Steady-State Cycling at Different Workloads and Cadences |
| title_fullStr | The Medial-Lateral Pedal Force Component Correlates with Q-Angle during Steady-State Cycling at Different Workloads and Cadences |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Medial-Lateral Pedal Force Component Correlates with Q-Angle during Steady-State Cycling at Different Workloads and Cadences |
| title_short | The Medial-Lateral Pedal Force Component Correlates with Q-Angle during Steady-State Cycling at Different Workloads and Cadences |
| title_sort | medial lateral pedal force component correlates with q angle during steady state cycling at different workloads and cadences |
| topic | force pedals performance biomechanics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/3/1004 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT borutfonda themediallateralpedalforcecomponentcorrelateswithqangleduringsteadystatecyclingatdifferentworkloadsandcadences AT janbabic themediallateralpedalforcecomponentcorrelateswithqangleduringsteadystatecyclingatdifferentworkloadsandcadences AT nejcsarabon themediallateralpedalforcecomponentcorrelateswithqangleduringsteadystatecyclingatdifferentworkloadsandcadences AT borutfonda mediallateralpedalforcecomponentcorrelateswithqangleduringsteadystatecyclingatdifferentworkloadsandcadences AT janbabic mediallateralpedalforcecomponentcorrelateswithqangleduringsteadystatecyclingatdifferentworkloadsandcadences AT nejcsarabon mediallateralpedalforcecomponentcorrelateswithqangleduringsteadystatecyclingatdifferentworkloadsandcadences |