Evaluation of the Effect of Wheat Germ Oil and Olmutinib on the Thioacetamide-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Mice

Thioacetamide (TAA) intoxication produces a reproducible standard animal model of induced liver and kidney injuries where free radicals are produced by phase I oxidation reactions, which eventually leads to liver and kidney failure. Wheat germ oil (WGO) is a unique food supplement with concentrated...

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Main Authors: Salman Alamery, Seema Zargar, Fatimah Yaseen, Tanveer A. Wani, Abdulaziz Siyal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-06-01
Series:Life
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/6/900
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author Salman Alamery
Seema Zargar
Fatimah Yaseen
Tanveer A. Wani
Abdulaziz Siyal
author_facet Salman Alamery
Seema Zargar
Fatimah Yaseen
Tanveer A. Wani
Abdulaziz Siyal
author_sort Salman Alamery
collection DOAJ
description Thioacetamide (TAA) intoxication produces a reproducible standard animal model of induced liver and kidney injuries where free radicals are produced by phase I oxidation reactions, which eventually leads to liver and kidney failure. Wheat germ oil (WGO) is a unique food supplement with concentrated nutrient efficiency and has remarkable antioxidant functions. Olmutinib, on the other hand, is a chemotherapy drug considered safe for kidneys and the liver. Therefore, in this study, WGO and olmutinib were investigated for their effect on TAA-induced liver and kidney damage. Inflammatory markers; interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β); IL-6; and the levels of enzymatic markers ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), and CK (creatinine kinase) in serum for liver and kidney were analyzed and evaluated along with histopathological changes in the tissue. Thirty male mice 4–6 weeks of age were grouped into five groups of six animals: the control group (saline) and the other groups (Groups II to V), which were given thioacetamide for two weeks. In addition, Group II continued with TAA; Group III was given olmutinib (30 mg/kg), Group IV was given the wheat germ oil (WGO) (1400 mg/kg), and Group V was given (olmutinib (30 mg/kg) + WGO (1400 mg/kg)) for five days. The results suggested that olmutinib treatment potentiated TAA-induced liver and kidney injury. At the same time, WGO efficiently alleviated TAA and TAA–olmutinib toxicity in Groups IV and V. The histological studies also showed reduced damage with WGO in the animal model. Hence, it was concluded that WGO could significantly reduce liver and kidney damage caused by TAA and olmutinib in mice.
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spelling doaj.art-5e37a8269c6047c69b5fe874aed92a512023-11-23T17:37:25ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-06-0112690010.3390/life12060900Evaluation of the Effect of Wheat Germ Oil and Olmutinib on the Thioacetamide-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in MiceSalman Alamery0Seema Zargar1Fatimah Yaseen2Tanveer A. Wani3Abdulaziz Siyal4Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThioacetamide (TAA) intoxication produces a reproducible standard animal model of induced liver and kidney injuries where free radicals are produced by phase I oxidation reactions, which eventually leads to liver and kidney failure. Wheat germ oil (WGO) is a unique food supplement with concentrated nutrient efficiency and has remarkable antioxidant functions. Olmutinib, on the other hand, is a chemotherapy drug considered safe for kidneys and the liver. Therefore, in this study, WGO and olmutinib were investigated for their effect on TAA-induced liver and kidney damage. Inflammatory markers; interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β); IL-6; and the levels of enzymatic markers ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase), and CK (creatinine kinase) in serum for liver and kidney were analyzed and evaluated along with histopathological changes in the tissue. Thirty male mice 4–6 weeks of age were grouped into five groups of six animals: the control group (saline) and the other groups (Groups II to V), which were given thioacetamide for two weeks. In addition, Group II continued with TAA; Group III was given olmutinib (30 mg/kg), Group IV was given the wheat germ oil (WGO) (1400 mg/kg), and Group V was given (olmutinib (30 mg/kg) + WGO (1400 mg/kg)) for five days. The results suggested that olmutinib treatment potentiated TAA-induced liver and kidney injury. At the same time, WGO efficiently alleviated TAA and TAA–olmutinib toxicity in Groups IV and V. The histological studies also showed reduced damage with WGO in the animal model. Hence, it was concluded that WGO could significantly reduce liver and kidney damage caused by TAA and olmutinib in mice.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/6/900olmutinibwheat germ oilthioacetamideliver toxicitykidney toxicity
spellingShingle Salman Alamery
Seema Zargar
Fatimah Yaseen
Tanveer A. Wani
Abdulaziz Siyal
Evaluation of the Effect of Wheat Germ Oil and Olmutinib on the Thioacetamide-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Mice
Life
olmutinib
wheat germ oil
thioacetamide
liver toxicity
kidney toxicity
title Evaluation of the Effect of Wheat Germ Oil and Olmutinib on the Thioacetamide-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Mice
title_full Evaluation of the Effect of Wheat Germ Oil and Olmutinib on the Thioacetamide-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Mice
title_fullStr Evaluation of the Effect of Wheat Germ Oil and Olmutinib on the Thioacetamide-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Mice
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of the Effect of Wheat Germ Oil and Olmutinib on the Thioacetamide-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Mice
title_short Evaluation of the Effect of Wheat Germ Oil and Olmutinib on the Thioacetamide-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Mice
title_sort evaluation of the effect of wheat germ oil and olmutinib on the thioacetamide induced liver and kidney toxicity in mice
topic olmutinib
wheat germ oil
thioacetamide
liver toxicity
kidney toxicity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/6/900
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AT seemazargar evaluationoftheeffectofwheatgermoilandolmutinibonthethioacetamideinducedliverandkidneytoxicityinmice
AT fatimahyaseen evaluationoftheeffectofwheatgermoilandolmutinibonthethioacetamideinducedliverandkidneytoxicityinmice
AT tanveerawani evaluationoftheeffectofwheatgermoilandolmutinibonthethioacetamideinducedliverandkidneytoxicityinmice
AT abdulazizsiyal evaluationoftheeffectofwheatgermoilandolmutinibonthethioacetamideinducedliverandkidneytoxicityinmice