Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation of Lepidium sativum Linn. Mucilage as a Mucoadhesive Polymer
Being biocompatible, less toxic, cheap, easily available, and environmentally friendly, there is an increased trust in natural polymers in the drug delivery system. Mucilages, among the natural polymers, are the primary metabolites of plants that have been widely utilized in pharmaceutical manufactu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Hindawi Limited
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5535344 |
| _version_ | 1797739755632328704 |
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| author | Hailemichael Embafrash Berhe Desta Tesfay Mezgebo Solomon Abrha Tsadkan Gebremeskel Haile Fantahun Molla |
| author_facet | Hailemichael Embafrash Berhe Desta Tesfay Mezgebo Solomon Abrha Tsadkan Gebremeskel Haile Fantahun Molla |
| author_sort | Hailemichael Embafrash Berhe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Being biocompatible, less toxic, cheap, easily available, and environmentally friendly, there is an increased trust in natural polymers in the drug delivery system. Mucilages, among the natural polymers, are the primary metabolites of plants that have been widely utilized in pharmaceutical manufacturing for different purposes, and mucoadhesive is one among them. The present study was designed to investigate the use of LSM as a mucoadhesive polymer using ibuprofen as a model drug. The mucilage was extracted following an aqueous extraction method and its percentage yield was found to be 13.2% w/w. Besides, three microsphere formulations of ibuprofen were prepared using synthetic polymer hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K100M and the LSM in polymer to drug ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 5, and 3 : 5 by applying ionotropic gelation followed by solvent evaporation methods. The microspheres were evaluated for various micromeritic properties and all the formulations exhibited free-flowing properties. Optical microscopic pictures of almost all the microspheres except F3 and F6 (which had more or less spherical shapes) were found to have irregular and discrete shapes. Besides, the surfaces of all the formulations were rough in texture. The drug entrapment efficiency of the microspheres was found to be between 52.08% ± 0.80 and 87.97% ± 0.72. The in-vitrowash-off test evidenced that almost 50 percent (especially F3) of the microspheres were able to adhere up to 18 h and showed remarkable bioadhesion properties. The in-vitro drug release profile indicated that all the formulations were able to prolong their drug release up to 12 h with a non-fickian release mechanism, except for F4, which followed a fickian release. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, LSM can be used as a potential alternative mucoadhesive excipient for sustained release formulations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:02:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e397f0ee57243afb6de0eece5269e61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2633-4690 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:02:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Hindawi Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e397f0ee57243afb6de0eece5269e612023-08-22T00:00:02ZengHindawi LimitedAdvances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences2633-46902023-01-01202310.1155/2023/5535344Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation of Lepidium sativum Linn. Mucilage as a Mucoadhesive PolymerHailemichael Embafrash Berhe0Desta Tesfay Mezgebo1Solomon Abrha2Tsadkan Gebremeskel Haile3Fantahun Molla4Department of PharmacyDepartment of PharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmaceuticsDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Social PharmacyBeing biocompatible, less toxic, cheap, easily available, and environmentally friendly, there is an increased trust in natural polymers in the drug delivery system. Mucilages, among the natural polymers, are the primary metabolites of plants that have been widely utilized in pharmaceutical manufacturing for different purposes, and mucoadhesive is one among them. The present study was designed to investigate the use of LSM as a mucoadhesive polymer using ibuprofen as a model drug. The mucilage was extracted following an aqueous extraction method and its percentage yield was found to be 13.2% w/w. Besides, three microsphere formulations of ibuprofen were prepared using synthetic polymer hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K100M and the LSM in polymer to drug ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 5, and 3 : 5 by applying ionotropic gelation followed by solvent evaporation methods. The microspheres were evaluated for various micromeritic properties and all the formulations exhibited free-flowing properties. Optical microscopic pictures of almost all the microspheres except F3 and F6 (which had more or less spherical shapes) were found to have irregular and discrete shapes. Besides, the surfaces of all the formulations were rough in texture. The drug entrapment efficiency of the microspheres was found to be between 52.08% ± 0.80 and 87.97% ± 0.72. The in-vitrowash-off test evidenced that almost 50 percent (especially F3) of the microspheres were able to adhere up to 18 h and showed remarkable bioadhesion properties. The in-vitro drug release profile indicated that all the formulations were able to prolong their drug release up to 12 h with a non-fickian release mechanism, except for F4, which followed a fickian release. Therefore, based on the findings of this study, LSM can be used as a potential alternative mucoadhesive excipient for sustained release formulations.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5535344 |
| spellingShingle | Hailemichael Embafrash Berhe Desta Tesfay Mezgebo Solomon Abrha Tsadkan Gebremeskel Haile Fantahun Molla Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation of Lepidium sativum Linn. Mucilage as a Mucoadhesive Polymer Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| title | Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation of Lepidium sativum Linn. Mucilage as a Mucoadhesive Polymer |
| title_full | Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation of Lepidium sativum Linn. Mucilage as a Mucoadhesive Polymer |
| title_fullStr | Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation of Lepidium sativum Linn. Mucilage as a Mucoadhesive Polymer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation of Lepidium sativum Linn. Mucilage as a Mucoadhesive Polymer |
| title_short | Extraction, Characterization, and Evaluation of Lepidium sativum Linn. Mucilage as a Mucoadhesive Polymer |
| title_sort | extraction characterization and evaluation of lepidium sativum linn mucilage as a mucoadhesive polymer |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5535344 |
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