Assessment of smoking status based on cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid
Cotinine is a principal metabolite of nicotine with a substantially longer half-life, and cotinine levels in saliva, urine or serum are widely used to validate self-reported smoking status. The nasal cavity and olfactory system are directly exposed to tobacco smoke in smokers and in non-smokers who...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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European Publishing
2009-07-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Assessment-of-smoking-status-based-on-cotinine-levels-in-nasal-lavage-fluid,65955,0,2.html |
| _version_ | 1818756226155020288 |
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| author | Mehmet Hakan Ozdener Karen K Yee Ryan McDermott Beverly J Cowart Aldona A Vainius Pamela Dalton Nancy E Rawson |
| author_facet | Mehmet Hakan Ozdener Karen K Yee Ryan McDermott Beverly J Cowart Aldona A Vainius Pamela Dalton Nancy E Rawson |
| author_sort | Mehmet Hakan Ozdener |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cotinine is a principal metabolite of nicotine with a substantially longer half-life, and cotinine levels in saliva, urine or serum are widely used to validate self-reported smoking status. The nasal cavity and olfactory system are directly exposed to tobacco smoke in smokers and in non-smokers who live with or work around smokers. However, despite the potential for a direct impact of tobacco smoke on the nasal epithelium and olfactory neurons, no prior studies have assessed cotinine levels in nasal mucus. We sought to determine whether cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) would provide a reasonable estimate of smoke exposure. We assayed cotinine using a competitive immunoassay in NLF from 23 smokers, 10 non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke (ETS) and 60 non-smokers who did not report smoke exposure. NLF cotinine levels were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers, regardless of their exposure to ambient tobacco smoke. Cotinine levels in this small group of exposed non-smokers were not significantly different than those of non-exposed non-smokers. A cutoff of 1 ng/ml provided a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 99% for smoking status in this sample. Data were consistent with self-reported smoking status, and a cutoff of 1.0 ng/ml NLF cotinine may be used to classify smoking status. While saliva is the most easily obtained body fluid, NLF can be used to provide an objective and precise indication of smoking status and more directly reflects smoke exposure in the nasal and olfactory mucosa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T05:51:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e3ee84821e849f99cf9e89cb795335e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1617-9625 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T05:51:40Z |
| publishDate | 2009-07-01 |
| publisher | European Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e3ee84821e849f99cf9e89cb795335e2022-12-21T21:18:53ZengEuropean PublishingTobacco Induced Diseases1617-96252009-07-015July10.1186/1617-9625-5-1165955Assessment of smoking status based on cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluidMehmet Hakan Ozdener0Karen K Yee1Ryan McDermott2Beverly J Cowart3Aldona A Vainius4Pamela Dalton5Nancy E Rawson6Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAMonell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAMonell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAMonell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAMonell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAMonell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USAMonell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USACotinine is a principal metabolite of nicotine with a substantially longer half-life, and cotinine levels in saliva, urine or serum are widely used to validate self-reported smoking status. The nasal cavity and olfactory system are directly exposed to tobacco smoke in smokers and in non-smokers who live with or work around smokers. However, despite the potential for a direct impact of tobacco smoke on the nasal epithelium and olfactory neurons, no prior studies have assessed cotinine levels in nasal mucus. We sought to determine whether cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) would provide a reasonable estimate of smoke exposure. We assayed cotinine using a competitive immunoassay in NLF from 23 smokers, 10 non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke (ETS) and 60 non-smokers who did not report smoke exposure. NLF cotinine levels were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers, regardless of their exposure to ambient tobacco smoke. Cotinine levels in this small group of exposed non-smokers were not significantly different than those of non-exposed non-smokers. A cutoff of 1 ng/ml provided a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 99% for smoking status in this sample. Data were consistent with self-reported smoking status, and a cutoff of 1.0 ng/ml NLF cotinine may be used to classify smoking status. While saliva is the most easily obtained body fluid, NLF can be used to provide an objective and precise indication of smoking status and more directly reflects smoke exposure in the nasal and olfactory mucosa.http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Assessment-of-smoking-status-based-on-cotinine-levels-in-nasal-lavage-fluid,65955,0,2.htmlnicotinesmoking statustobacco smokenasal mucosacotinine |
| spellingShingle | Mehmet Hakan Ozdener Karen K Yee Ryan McDermott Beverly J Cowart Aldona A Vainius Pamela Dalton Nancy E Rawson Assessment of smoking status based on cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid Tobacco Induced Diseases nicotine smoking status tobacco smoke nasal mucosa cotinine |
| title | Assessment of smoking status based on cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid |
| title_full | Assessment of smoking status based on cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of smoking status based on cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of smoking status based on cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid |
| title_short | Assessment of smoking status based on cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid |
| title_sort | assessment of smoking status based on cotinine levels in nasal lavage fluid |
| topic | nicotine smoking status tobacco smoke nasal mucosa cotinine |
| url | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Assessment-of-smoking-status-based-on-cotinine-levels-in-nasal-lavage-fluid,65955,0,2.html |
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