The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BackgroundOmicron (B.1.1.529), a variant of SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a dominant strain in COVID-19 pandemic. This development has raised concerns about the effectiveness of vaccination to Omicron, particularly in the context of children and adolescents. Our study evaluated the efficacy of differen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1338208/full |
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| author | Wenting Lu Wenting Lu Shuai Zeng Yuan Yao Yiting Luo Yiting Luo Tiechao Ruan Tiechao Ruan |
| author_facet | Wenting Lu Wenting Lu Shuai Zeng Yuan Yao Yiting Luo Yiting Luo Tiechao Ruan Tiechao Ruan |
| author_sort | Wenting Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundOmicron (B.1.1.529), a variant of SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a dominant strain in COVID-19 pandemic. This development has raised concerns about the effectiveness of vaccination to Omicron, particularly in the context of children and adolescents. Our study evaluated the efficacy of different COVID-19 vaccination regimens in children and adolescents during the Omicron epidemic phase.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases for studies published through March 2023 on the association between COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents at the Omicron variant period. The effectiveness outcomes included mild COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023390481).ResultsA total of 33 studies involving 16,532,536 children were included in the analysis. First, in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years, the overall VE of the COVID-19 vaccine is 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40 to 50%). Subgroup analysis of VE during Omicron epidemic phase for different dosage regimens demonstrated that the VE was 50% (95% CI: 44 to 55%) for the 2-dose vaccination and 61% (95% CI: 45 to 73%) for the booster vaccination. Upon further analysis of different effectiveness outcomes during the 2-dose vaccination showed that the VE was 41% (95% CI: 35 to 47%) against mild COVID-19 and 71% (95% CI: 60 to 79%) against severe COVID-19. In addition, VE exhibited a gradual decrease over time, with the significant decline in the efficacy of Omicron for infection before and after 90 days following the 2-dose vaccination, registering 54% (95% CI: 48 to 59%) and 34% (95% CI: 21 to 56%), respectively.ConclusionDuring the Omicron variant epidemic, the vaccine provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years. Two doses of vaccination can provide effective protection severe COVID-19, with booster vaccination additionally enhancing VE. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:26:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e3f2fdbf2fc441aa09d3b2e24324f4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:26:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e3f2fdbf2fc441aa09d3b2e24324f4c2024-04-10T14:04:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-04-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.13382081338208The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysisWenting Lu0Wenting Lu1Shuai Zeng2Yuan Yao3Yiting Luo4Yiting Luo5Tiechao Ruan6Tiechao Ruan7Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaIntegrated Care Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaInstitute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaIntegrated Care Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaKey Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaBackgroundOmicron (B.1.1.529), a variant of SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a dominant strain in COVID-19 pandemic. This development has raised concerns about the effectiveness of vaccination to Omicron, particularly in the context of children and adolescents. Our study evaluated the efficacy of different COVID-19 vaccination regimens in children and adolescents during the Omicron epidemic phase.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases for studies published through March 2023 on the association between COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents at the Omicron variant period. The effectiveness outcomes included mild COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023390481).ResultsA total of 33 studies involving 16,532,536 children were included in the analysis. First, in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years, the overall VE of the COVID-19 vaccine is 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40 to 50%). Subgroup analysis of VE during Omicron epidemic phase for different dosage regimens demonstrated that the VE was 50% (95% CI: 44 to 55%) for the 2-dose vaccination and 61% (95% CI: 45 to 73%) for the booster vaccination. Upon further analysis of different effectiveness outcomes during the 2-dose vaccination showed that the VE was 41% (95% CI: 35 to 47%) against mild COVID-19 and 71% (95% CI: 60 to 79%) against severe COVID-19. In addition, VE exhibited a gradual decrease over time, with the significant decline in the efficacy of Omicron for infection before and after 90 days following the 2-dose vaccination, registering 54% (95% CI: 48 to 59%) and 34% (95% CI: 21 to 56%), respectively.ConclusionDuring the Omicron variant epidemic, the vaccine provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years. Two doses of vaccination can provide effective protection severe COVID-19, with booster vaccination additionally enhancing VE.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1338208/fullSARS-CoV-2 variantsOmicronCOVID-19 vaccineschildadolescent |
| spellingShingle | Wenting Lu Wenting Lu Shuai Zeng Yuan Yao Yiting Luo Yiting Luo Tiechao Ruan Tiechao Ruan The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis Frontiers in Public Health SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron COVID-19 vaccines child adolescent |
| title | The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | effect of covid 19 vaccine to the omicron variant in children and adolescents a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron COVID-19 vaccines child adolescent |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1338208/full |
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