Sr Isotope, Major, and Trace Element Signatures in Karst Groundwaters
Natural and anthropogenic factors highly influence the concentration of major (Na, Mg, K, Ca) and trace (Sr, Ba, Mn, Li) elements, anions (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl&...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/7/1431 |
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| author | Anamaria Iulia Török Ana Moldovan Claudiu Tănăselia Eniko Kovacs Ionuț Cornel Mirea Oana Teodora Moldovan Erika Andrea Levei |
| author_facet | Anamaria Iulia Török Ana Moldovan Claudiu Tănăselia Eniko Kovacs Ionuț Cornel Mirea Oana Teodora Moldovan Erika Andrea Levei |
| author_sort | Anamaria Iulia Török |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural and anthropogenic factors highly influence the concentration of major (Na, Mg, K, Ca) and trace (Sr, Ba, Mn, Li) elements, anions (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>), and Sr isotopic signatures. The current study identified the Sr isotopic signature in groundwaters from the Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains karst areas of Romania and its relation to the water’s chemistry. The Sr concentration ranged between 16.5 and 658 µg/L, but in most groundwaters, it was below 200 µg/L. A considerable spatial variation and a low temporal variation, with a slightly lower Sr concentration in the winter than in spring, were observed. The strong positive correlation of the Sr with Ca, Mg, K, and Na indicated the common source of these elements. The main source of the Sr in groundwaters was the dissolution of carbonates, especially calcite, and dolomite to a lesser extent. The <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr isotopic ratio ranged between 0.7038 and 0.7158. Generally, waters with a high Sr concentration and moderate <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios indicated carbonate dissolution, whereas samples with low Sr concentrations and high <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios suggested the dissolution of silicates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:20:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e47e237c4a0478a82e957594cf7b773 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:20:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e47e237c4a0478a82e957594cf7b7732023-11-17T17:50:44ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-04-01157143110.3390/w15071431Sr Isotope, Major, and Trace Element Signatures in Karst GroundwatersAnamaria Iulia Török0Ana Moldovan1Claudiu Tănăselia2Eniko Kovacs3Ionuț Cornel Mirea4Oana Teodora Moldovan5Erika Andrea Levei6Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary of National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaResearch Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary of National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaResearch Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary of National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaResearch Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary of National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaDepartment of Geospeleology and Paleontology, Emil Racovita Institute of Speleology, Calea 13 Septembrie, 050711 Bucharest, RomaniaCluj-Napoca Department, Emil Racovita Institute of Speleology, 5 Clinicilor, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaResearch Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary of National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaNatural and anthropogenic factors highly influence the concentration of major (Na, Mg, K, Ca) and trace (Sr, Ba, Mn, Li) elements, anions (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>), and Sr isotopic signatures. The current study identified the Sr isotopic signature in groundwaters from the Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains karst areas of Romania and its relation to the water’s chemistry. The Sr concentration ranged between 16.5 and 658 µg/L, but in most groundwaters, it was below 200 µg/L. A considerable spatial variation and a low temporal variation, with a slightly lower Sr concentration in the winter than in spring, were observed. The strong positive correlation of the Sr with Ca, Mg, K, and Na indicated the common source of these elements. The main source of the Sr in groundwaters was the dissolution of carbonates, especially calcite, and dolomite to a lesser extent. The <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr isotopic ratio ranged between 0.7038 and 0.7158. Generally, waters with a high Sr concentration and moderate <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios indicated carbonate dissolution, whereas samples with low Sr concentrations and high <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr ratios suggested the dissolution of silicates.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/7/1431groundwaterSr isotopic ratiomajor elementsspring water |
| spellingShingle | Anamaria Iulia Török Ana Moldovan Claudiu Tănăselia Eniko Kovacs Ionuț Cornel Mirea Oana Teodora Moldovan Erika Andrea Levei Sr Isotope, Major, and Trace Element Signatures in Karst Groundwaters Water groundwater Sr isotopic ratio major elements spring water |
| title | Sr Isotope, Major, and Trace Element Signatures in Karst Groundwaters |
| title_full | Sr Isotope, Major, and Trace Element Signatures in Karst Groundwaters |
| title_fullStr | Sr Isotope, Major, and Trace Element Signatures in Karst Groundwaters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sr Isotope, Major, and Trace Element Signatures in Karst Groundwaters |
| title_short | Sr Isotope, Major, and Trace Element Signatures in Karst Groundwaters |
| title_sort | sr isotope major and trace element signatures in karst groundwaters |
| topic | groundwater Sr isotopic ratio major elements spring water |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/7/1431 |
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