Electrochemical Sensitivity Improvement by the Cooperation between Pt and Ru for Total Antioxidant Evaluation in Natural Extracts
Herein, a straightforward electrochemical method was used to evaluate the total phenolic antioxidant capacity in natural extracts prepared from pomegranate, hibiscus, and pitaya. In light of this, the well-known electrochemical index (EI), a screening protocol for natural antioxidant properties eval...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/6/314 |
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| author | Gustavo Carvalho Diniz Vinicius Tribuzi Rodrigues Pinheiro Gomes Marcelo de Assis Santiago José Alejandro Figueroa Igor Ferreira Torquato Luiz Gustavo de Freitas Borges Hector Aguilar Vitorino Roberto Batista de Lima Marco Aurélio Suller Garcia Isaíde de Araujo Rodrigues |
| author_facet | Gustavo Carvalho Diniz Vinicius Tribuzi Rodrigues Pinheiro Gomes Marcelo de Assis Santiago José Alejandro Figueroa Igor Ferreira Torquato Luiz Gustavo de Freitas Borges Hector Aguilar Vitorino Roberto Batista de Lima Marco Aurélio Suller Garcia Isaíde de Araujo Rodrigues |
| author_sort | Gustavo Carvalho Diniz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Herein, a straightforward electrochemical method was used to evaluate the total phenolic antioxidant capacity in natural extracts prepared from pomegranate, hibiscus, and pitaya. In light of this, the well-known electrochemical index (EI), a screening protocol for natural antioxidant properties evaluation, was determined using differential pulse voltammetry. Initially considering rutin and catechin as standards, we found that the system’s sensitivity greatly increased by using platinum (Pt) and platinum/ruthenium (Pt/Ru) nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on Vulcan XC-72 to modify screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). When such modifications were applied to natural fruit/plant extracts, their electrochemical ability proved highly superior to the bare SPCE, even considering a very small amount of materials for electrode preparation. However, with an optimized ratio, the bimetallic counterpart was more sensitive to detection. When the pomegranate extract was used, for example, EI values of 52.51 ± 6.00 and 104.79 ± 6.89 µA/V were obtained using Pt and Pt/Ru (with an optimized ratio) electrocatalysts, showing the remarkable sensitivity increase obtained in our bimetallic protocol. Thus, based on physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations, we found that the ruthenium content was essential for the achievements. In due course, XPS analysis suggested that the Pt<sup>2+</sup>/Pt<sup>0</sup> species ratio could have improved the system’s sensitivity, which significantly changed when ruthenium was used in the material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:38:47Z |
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| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:38:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e4ecb986e474afbac9b272016ca8d8e2023-11-18T09:45:55ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402023-05-0111631410.3390/chemosensors11060314Electrochemical Sensitivity Improvement by the Cooperation between Pt and Ru for Total Antioxidant Evaluation in Natural ExtractsGustavo Carvalho Diniz0Vinicius Tribuzi Rodrigues Pinheiro Gomes1Marcelo de Assis2Santiago José Alejandro Figueroa3Igor Ferreira Torquato4Luiz Gustavo de Freitas Borges5Hector Aguilar Vitorino6Roberto Batista de Lima7Marco Aurélio Suller Garcia8Isaíde de Araujo Rodrigues9Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís 65030-005, MA, BrazilDepartamento de Física, Laboratório de Óptica, Laser e Fotônica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, BrazilDepartment of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University Jaume I (UJI), 12071 Castelló, SpainBrazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, SP, BrazilBrazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, SP, BrazilBrazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, SP, BrazilCentro de Investigación en Biodiversidad para la Salud, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, PeruDepartamento de Química, CCET, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, BrazilDepartamento de Química, CCET, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Química (PPGQ), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia do Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís 65030-005, MA, BrazilHerein, a straightforward electrochemical method was used to evaluate the total phenolic antioxidant capacity in natural extracts prepared from pomegranate, hibiscus, and pitaya. In light of this, the well-known electrochemical index (EI), a screening protocol for natural antioxidant properties evaluation, was determined using differential pulse voltammetry. Initially considering rutin and catechin as standards, we found that the system’s sensitivity greatly increased by using platinum (Pt) and platinum/ruthenium (Pt/Ru) nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on Vulcan XC-72 to modify screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). When such modifications were applied to natural fruit/plant extracts, their electrochemical ability proved highly superior to the bare SPCE, even considering a very small amount of materials for electrode preparation. However, with an optimized ratio, the bimetallic counterpart was more sensitive to detection. When the pomegranate extract was used, for example, EI values of 52.51 ± 6.00 and 104.79 ± 6.89 µA/V were obtained using Pt and Pt/Ru (with an optimized ratio) electrocatalysts, showing the remarkable sensitivity increase obtained in our bimetallic protocol. Thus, based on physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations, we found that the ruthenium content was essential for the achievements. In due course, XPS analysis suggested that the Pt<sup>2+</sup>/Pt<sup>0</sup> species ratio could have improved the system’s sensitivity, which significantly changed when ruthenium was used in the material.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/6/314antioxidant evaluationelectrochemical indexSPCEnoble metals |
| spellingShingle | Gustavo Carvalho Diniz Vinicius Tribuzi Rodrigues Pinheiro Gomes Marcelo de Assis Santiago José Alejandro Figueroa Igor Ferreira Torquato Luiz Gustavo de Freitas Borges Hector Aguilar Vitorino Roberto Batista de Lima Marco Aurélio Suller Garcia Isaíde de Araujo Rodrigues Electrochemical Sensitivity Improvement by the Cooperation between Pt and Ru for Total Antioxidant Evaluation in Natural Extracts Chemosensors antioxidant evaluation electrochemical index SPCE noble metals |
| title | Electrochemical Sensitivity Improvement by the Cooperation between Pt and Ru for Total Antioxidant Evaluation in Natural Extracts |
| title_full | Electrochemical Sensitivity Improvement by the Cooperation between Pt and Ru for Total Antioxidant Evaluation in Natural Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Electrochemical Sensitivity Improvement by the Cooperation between Pt and Ru for Total Antioxidant Evaluation in Natural Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrochemical Sensitivity Improvement by the Cooperation between Pt and Ru for Total Antioxidant Evaluation in Natural Extracts |
| title_short | Electrochemical Sensitivity Improvement by the Cooperation between Pt and Ru for Total Antioxidant Evaluation in Natural Extracts |
| title_sort | electrochemical sensitivity improvement by the cooperation between pt and ru for total antioxidant evaluation in natural extracts |
| topic | antioxidant evaluation electrochemical index SPCE noble metals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/11/6/314 |
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