The Emergent Integrated Constructed Wetland-Reservoir (CW-R) Is Being Challenged by 2-Methylisoborneol Episode—A Case Study in Yanlonghu CW-R
Integrated constructed wetland-reservoirs (referred to as CW-Rs) are being built for ensuring drinking water supply in plain areas where the source water often cannot meet the quality criteria for drinking water. CW-Rs consist of a series of treatment units and have been reported to reduce the conce...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/17/2670 |
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| author | Xiao Ren Jiaxin Sun Qi Zhang Yanxia Zuo Jin Liu Jiashou Liu Lin Li Lirong Song |
| author_facet | Xiao Ren Jiaxin Sun Qi Zhang Yanxia Zuo Jin Liu Jiashou Liu Lin Li Lirong Song |
| author_sort | Xiao Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Integrated constructed wetland-reservoirs (referred to as CW-Rs) are being built for ensuring drinking water supply in plain areas where the source water often cannot meet the quality criteria for drinking water. CW-Rs consist of a series of treatment units and have been reported to reduce the concentration of major nutrients. The efficiency of CW-Rs in mitigating odor compounds and their producer(s) remains largely unclear. In this study, Yanlonghu CW-R located in Jiangsu province, eastern China, was selected to monitor the occurrence and dynamics of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). Two peaks of 2-MIB, attributed mainly to <i>Pseudanabaena</i> in April, and <i>Pseudanabaena</i> and <i>Oscillatoria</i> in July, were observed. This indicated that benthic <i>Oscillatoria</i> is also a threatening factor and should be considered. The concentrations of 2-MIB at the inlet and outlet were 9.75 and 50.08 ng/L in April and 73.11 and 25.21 ng/L in July, respectively. Yanlonghu CW-R was reported to be effective in reducing the content of major nutrients (total phosphorus in particular) throughout the year. In addition, it was effective in mitigating the levels of 2-MIB-producers/2-MIB during the summer season. It is proposed that qPCR for <i>mic</i> gene detection can be performed to screen and establish an early warning method. We revealed that the 2-MIB episode is related to the function of the CW-R, which is shown to be different from what is known in lakes or reservoirs. It is emphasized that each treatment unit of CW-R should be maintained at full capacity so that the frequency and hazardous effects caused by 2-MIB in the system can be controlled or reduced. This finding is implicated in the control strategy selection and contributes to the better management and improvement of future applications. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:06:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e51603a871c4e68a662e8dbb8c93dab2023-11-23T14:26:19ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-08-011417267010.3390/w14172670The Emergent Integrated Constructed Wetland-Reservoir (CW-R) Is Being Challenged by 2-Methylisoborneol Episode—A Case Study in Yanlonghu CW-RXiao Ren0Jiaxin Sun1Qi Zhang2Yanxia Zuo3Jin Liu4Jiashou Liu5Lin Li6Lirong Song7State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinaIntegrated constructed wetland-reservoirs (referred to as CW-Rs) are being built for ensuring drinking water supply in plain areas where the source water often cannot meet the quality criteria for drinking water. CW-Rs consist of a series of treatment units and have been reported to reduce the concentration of major nutrients. The efficiency of CW-Rs in mitigating odor compounds and their producer(s) remains largely unclear. In this study, Yanlonghu CW-R located in Jiangsu province, eastern China, was selected to monitor the occurrence and dynamics of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB). Two peaks of 2-MIB, attributed mainly to <i>Pseudanabaena</i> in April, and <i>Pseudanabaena</i> and <i>Oscillatoria</i> in July, were observed. This indicated that benthic <i>Oscillatoria</i> is also a threatening factor and should be considered. The concentrations of 2-MIB at the inlet and outlet were 9.75 and 50.08 ng/L in April and 73.11 and 25.21 ng/L in July, respectively. Yanlonghu CW-R was reported to be effective in reducing the content of major nutrients (total phosphorus in particular) throughout the year. In addition, it was effective in mitigating the levels of 2-MIB-producers/2-MIB during the summer season. It is proposed that qPCR for <i>mic</i> gene detection can be performed to screen and establish an early warning method. We revealed that the 2-MIB episode is related to the function of the CW-R, which is shown to be different from what is known in lakes or reservoirs. It is emphasized that each treatment unit of CW-R should be maintained at full capacity so that the frequency and hazardous effects caused by 2-MIB in the system can be controlled or reduced. This finding is implicated in the control strategy selection and contributes to the better management and improvement of future applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/17/26702-methylisoborneol<i>Pseudanabaena</i><i>Oscillatoria</i>constructed wetland reservoircyanobacteria |
| spellingShingle | Xiao Ren Jiaxin Sun Qi Zhang Yanxia Zuo Jin Liu Jiashou Liu Lin Li Lirong Song The Emergent Integrated Constructed Wetland-Reservoir (CW-R) Is Being Challenged by 2-Methylisoborneol Episode—A Case Study in Yanlonghu CW-R Water 2-methylisoborneol <i>Pseudanabaena</i> <i>Oscillatoria</i> constructed wetland reservoir cyanobacteria |
| title | The Emergent Integrated Constructed Wetland-Reservoir (CW-R) Is Being Challenged by 2-Methylisoborneol Episode—A Case Study in Yanlonghu CW-R |
| title_full | The Emergent Integrated Constructed Wetland-Reservoir (CW-R) Is Being Challenged by 2-Methylisoborneol Episode—A Case Study in Yanlonghu CW-R |
| title_fullStr | The Emergent Integrated Constructed Wetland-Reservoir (CW-R) Is Being Challenged by 2-Methylisoborneol Episode—A Case Study in Yanlonghu CW-R |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Emergent Integrated Constructed Wetland-Reservoir (CW-R) Is Being Challenged by 2-Methylisoborneol Episode—A Case Study in Yanlonghu CW-R |
| title_short | The Emergent Integrated Constructed Wetland-Reservoir (CW-R) Is Being Challenged by 2-Methylisoborneol Episode—A Case Study in Yanlonghu CW-R |
| title_sort | emergent integrated constructed wetland reservoir cw r is being challenged by 2 methylisoborneol episode a case study in yanlonghu cw r |
| topic | 2-methylisoborneol <i>Pseudanabaena</i> <i>Oscillatoria</i> constructed wetland reservoir cyanobacteria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/17/2670 |
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