The antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine, two main active components in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium: A comprehensive review
Abstract The genus Gelsemium belongs to the family Loganiaceae, one of the traditional Chinese herbs. Gelsemium is traditionally used to treat rheumatoid and neuropathic pain. Its root extracts were found to protect against anxiety, especially the alkaloids koumine and gelsemine. Indeed, koumine and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Brain-X |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.46 |
| _version_ | 1797231336258273280 |
|---|---|
| author | Jiangyu Long Mohuan Tang Mengting Zuo Wenbo Xu Siyu Meng Zhaoying Liu |
| author_facet | Jiangyu Long Mohuan Tang Mengting Zuo Wenbo Xu Siyu Meng Zhaoying Liu |
| author_sort | Jiangyu Long |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The genus Gelsemium belongs to the family Loganiaceae, one of the traditional Chinese herbs. Gelsemium is traditionally used to treat rheumatoid and neuropathic pain. Its root extracts were found to protect against anxiety, especially the alkaloids koumine and gelsemine. Indeed, koumine and gelsemine can act as positive agonists of the glycine receptor (GlyR), which reduces neuronal excitability through chloride influx and can also increase neuroactive steroid content by enhancing 3alpha‐hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3α‐HSOR) expression. The latter can activate the excitation‐inhibitory response via the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR), reduce the abnormal corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) increase in the hypothalamus, inhibit adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion, and effectively inhibit the abnormal ACTH and corticosterone increases in the circulation. In addition, koumine and gelsemine inhibited the expression of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and regulating anxiety‐related neural circuits. Gelsemine also inhibited the overexpression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) in the hypothalamus to maintain the plasticity of brain neurons and protect neurogenesis to achieve anxiety regulation. In general, this article reviews the recent studies on Gelsemium in the anxiety field, discusses its possible antianxiety mechanism, and confirms the potential of Gelsemium as a therapeutic drug for anxiety‐related diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:42:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e568829fff54edeb896d7543d42f3f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2835-3153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:42:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain-X |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e568829fff54edeb896d7543d42f3f42024-04-01T19:00:02ZengWileyBrain-X2835-31532023-12-0114n/an/a10.1002/brx2.46The antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine, two main active components in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium: A comprehensive reviewJiangyu Long0Mohuan Tang1Mengting Zuo2Wenbo Xu3Siyu Meng4Zhaoying Liu5College of Veterinary Medicine Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan ChinaAbstract The genus Gelsemium belongs to the family Loganiaceae, one of the traditional Chinese herbs. Gelsemium is traditionally used to treat rheumatoid and neuropathic pain. Its root extracts were found to protect against anxiety, especially the alkaloids koumine and gelsemine. Indeed, koumine and gelsemine can act as positive agonists of the glycine receptor (GlyR), which reduces neuronal excitability through chloride influx and can also increase neuroactive steroid content by enhancing 3alpha‐hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3α‐HSOR) expression. The latter can activate the excitation‐inhibitory response via the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR), reduce the abnormal corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) increase in the hypothalamus, inhibit adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion, and effectively inhibit the abnormal ACTH and corticosterone increases in the circulation. In addition, koumine and gelsemine inhibited the expression of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and regulating anxiety‐related neural circuits. Gelsemine also inhibited the overexpression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) in the hypothalamus to maintain the plasticity of brain neurons and protect neurogenesis to achieve anxiety regulation. In general, this article reviews the recent studies on Gelsemium in the anxiety field, discusses its possible antianxiety mechanism, and confirms the potential of Gelsemium as a therapeutic drug for anxiety‐related diseases.https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.46antianxietygelsemineGelsemiumkouminemechanism |
| spellingShingle | Jiangyu Long Mohuan Tang Mengting Zuo Wenbo Xu Siyu Meng Zhaoying Liu The antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine, two main active components in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium: A comprehensive review Brain-X antianxiety gelsemine Gelsemium koumine mechanism |
| title | The antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine, two main active components in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium: A comprehensive review |
| title_full | The antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine, two main active components in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium: A comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | The antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine, two main active components in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium: A comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine, two main active components in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium: A comprehensive review |
| title_short | The antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine, two main active components in the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium: A comprehensive review |
| title_sort | antianxiety effects of koumine and gelsemine two main active components in the traditional chinese herbal medicine gelsemium a comprehensive review |
| topic | antianxiety gelsemine Gelsemium koumine mechanism |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.46 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiangyulong theantianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT mohuantang theantianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT mengtingzuo theantianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT wenboxu theantianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT siyumeng theantianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT zhaoyingliu theantianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT jiangyulong antianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT mohuantang antianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT mengtingzuo antianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT wenboxu antianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT siyumeng antianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview AT zhaoyingliu antianxietyeffectsofkoumineandgelseminetwomainactivecomponentsinthetraditionalchineseherbalmedicinegelsemiumacomprehensivereview |