Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study
Gliomas are the most frequent intrinsic central nervous system tumors. The new 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors brought significant changes into the classification of gliomas, that underline the role of molecular diagnostics, with the adult-type diffuse glial tumors now ident...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Current Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/9/568 |
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| author | Vincentas Veikutis Mindaugas Brazdziunas Evaldas Keleras Algidas Basevicius Andrei Grib Darijus Skaudickas Saulius Lukosevicius |
| author_facet | Vincentas Veikutis Mindaugas Brazdziunas Evaldas Keleras Algidas Basevicius Andrei Grib Darijus Skaudickas Saulius Lukosevicius |
| author_sort | Vincentas Veikutis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gliomas are the most frequent intrinsic central nervous system tumors. The new 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors brought significant changes into the classification of gliomas, that underline the role of molecular diagnostics, with the adult-type diffuse glial tumors now identified primarily by their biomarkers rather than histology. The status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 describes tumors at their molecular level and together with the presence or absence of 1p/19q codeletion are the most important biomarkers used for the classification of adult-type diffuse glial tumors. In recent years terminology has also changed. IDH-mutant, as previously known, is diagnostically used as astrocytoma and IDH-wildtype is used as glioblastoma. A comprehensive understanding of these tumors not only gives patients a more proper treatment and better prognosis but also highlights new difficulties. MR imaging is of the utmost importance for diagnosing and supervising the response to treatment. By monitoring the tumor on followup exams better results can be achieved. Correlations are seen between tumor diagnostic and clinical manifestation and surgical administration, followup care, oncologic treatment, and outcomes. Minimal resection site use of functional imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have become indispensable tools in invasive treatment. Perfusion imaging provides insightful information about the vascularity of the tumor, spectroscopy shows metabolic activity, and nuclear medicine imaging displays tumor metabolism. To accommodate better treatment the differentiation of pseudoprogression, pseudoresponse, or radiation necrosis is needed. In this report, we present a literature review of diagnostics of gliomas, the differences in their imaging features, and our radiology’s departments accumulated experience concerning gliomas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:53:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e586041f2b44328b3fa8f7b5bb77fb1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1198-0052 1718-7729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:53:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e586041f2b44328b3fa8f7b5bb77fb12023-11-19T10:10:37ZengMDPI AGCurrent Oncology1198-00521718-77292023-08-013097818783510.3390/curroncol30090568Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice StudyVincentas Veikutis0Mindaugas Brazdziunas1Evaldas Keleras2Algidas Basevicius3Andrei Grib4Darijus Skaudickas5Saulius Lukosevicius6Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaMedical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaMedical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaMedical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, MD2004 Chisinau, MoldovaMedical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaMedical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT50161 Kaunas, LithuaniaGliomas are the most frequent intrinsic central nervous system tumors. The new 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors brought significant changes into the classification of gliomas, that underline the role of molecular diagnostics, with the adult-type diffuse glial tumors now identified primarily by their biomarkers rather than histology. The status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 describes tumors at their molecular level and together with the presence or absence of 1p/19q codeletion are the most important biomarkers used for the classification of adult-type diffuse glial tumors. In recent years terminology has also changed. IDH-mutant, as previously known, is diagnostically used as astrocytoma and IDH-wildtype is used as glioblastoma. A comprehensive understanding of these tumors not only gives patients a more proper treatment and better prognosis but also highlights new difficulties. MR imaging is of the utmost importance for diagnosing and supervising the response to treatment. By monitoring the tumor on followup exams better results can be achieved. Correlations are seen between tumor diagnostic and clinical manifestation and surgical administration, followup care, oncologic treatment, and outcomes. Minimal resection site use of functional imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have become indispensable tools in invasive treatment. Perfusion imaging provides insightful information about the vascularity of the tumor, spectroscopy shows metabolic activity, and nuclear medicine imaging displays tumor metabolism. To accommodate better treatment the differentiation of pseudoprogression, pseudoresponse, or radiation necrosis is needed. In this report, we present a literature review of diagnostics of gliomas, the differences in their imaging features, and our radiology’s departments accumulated experience concerning gliomas.https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/9/568glial tumorsdiagnostic approaches |
| spellingShingle | Vincentas Veikutis Mindaugas Brazdziunas Evaldas Keleras Algidas Basevicius Andrei Grib Darijus Skaudickas Saulius Lukosevicius Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study Current Oncology glial tumors diagnostic approaches |
| title | Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study |
| title_full | Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study |
| title_fullStr | Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study |
| title_short | Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study |
| title_sort | diagnostic approaches to adult type diffuse glial tumors comparative literature and clinical practice study |
| topic | glial tumors diagnostic approaches |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/9/568 |
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