Ciliobrevins as Tools for Studying Dynein Motor Function
Dyneins are a small class of molecular motors that bind to microtubules and walk towards their minus ends. They are essential for the transport and distribution of organelles, signaling complexes and cytoskeletal elements. In addition dyneins generate forces on microtubule arrays that power the beat...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00252/full |
| _version_ | 1828465047914938368 |
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| author | Douglas eRoossien Kyle eMiller Gianluca eGallo |
| author_facet | Douglas eRoossien Kyle eMiller Gianluca eGallo |
| author_sort | Douglas eRoossien |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dyneins are a small class of molecular motors that bind to microtubules and walk towards their minus ends. They are essential for the transport and distribution of organelles, signaling complexes and cytoskeletal elements. In addition dyneins generate forces on microtubule arrays that power the beating of cilia and flagella, cell division, migration and growth cone motility. Classical approaches to the study of dynein function in axons involve the depletion of dynein, expression of mutant/truncated forms of the motor, or interference with accessory subunits. By necessity, these approaches require prolonged time period for the expression or manipulation of cellular dynein levels. With the discovery of the ciliobrevins, a class of cell permeable small molecule inhibitors of dynein, it is now possible to acutely disrupt dynein both globally and locally. In this review, we briefly summarize recent work using ciliobrevins to inhibit dynein and discuss the insights ciliobrevins have provided about dynein function in various cell types with a focus on neurons. We temper this with a discussion of the need for studies that will elucidate the mechanism of action of ciliobrevin and as well as the need for experiments to further analyze the specificity of ciliobreviens for dynein. Although much remains to be learned about ciliobrevins, these small molecules are proving themselves to be valuable novel tools to assess the cellular functions of dynein. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T03:25:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e636c4610f943388270894272a8a5c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T03:25:16Z |
| publishDate | 2015-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e636c4610f943388270894272a8a5c02022-12-22T01:22:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022015-07-01910.3389/fncel.2015.00252149822Ciliobrevins as Tools for Studying Dynein Motor FunctionDouglas eRoossien0Kyle eMiller1Gianluca eGallo2University of MichiganMichigan State UniversityTemple UniversityDyneins are a small class of molecular motors that bind to microtubules and walk towards their minus ends. They are essential for the transport and distribution of organelles, signaling complexes and cytoskeletal elements. In addition dyneins generate forces on microtubule arrays that power the beating of cilia and flagella, cell division, migration and growth cone motility. Classical approaches to the study of dynein function in axons involve the depletion of dynein, expression of mutant/truncated forms of the motor, or interference with accessory subunits. By necessity, these approaches require prolonged time period for the expression or manipulation of cellular dynein levels. With the discovery of the ciliobrevins, a class of cell permeable small molecule inhibitors of dynein, it is now possible to acutely disrupt dynein both globally and locally. In this review, we briefly summarize recent work using ciliobrevins to inhibit dynein and discuss the insights ciliobrevins have provided about dynein function in various cell types with a focus on neurons. We temper this with a discussion of the need for studies that will elucidate the mechanism of action of ciliobrevin and as well as the need for experiments to further analyze the specificity of ciliobreviens for dynein. Although much remains to be learned about ciliobrevins, these small molecules are proving themselves to be valuable novel tools to assess the cellular functions of dynein.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00252/fullAxonGrowth conetransportmicrotubuletension |
| spellingShingle | Douglas eRoossien Kyle eMiller Gianluca eGallo Ciliobrevins as Tools for Studying Dynein Motor Function Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience Axon Growth cone transport microtubule tension |
| title | Ciliobrevins as Tools for Studying Dynein Motor Function |
| title_full | Ciliobrevins as Tools for Studying Dynein Motor Function |
| title_fullStr | Ciliobrevins as Tools for Studying Dynein Motor Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ciliobrevins as Tools for Studying Dynein Motor Function |
| title_short | Ciliobrevins as Tools for Studying Dynein Motor Function |
| title_sort | ciliobrevins as tools for studying dynein motor function |
| topic | Axon Growth cone transport microtubule tension |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fncel.2015.00252/full |
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