Sloping Land Use Affects Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Loess Hilly Region of China
Revealing the characteristics of soil moisture and temperature under typical sloping land uses in the loess hilly region is of great significance for the efficient and sustainable use of sloping land resources. In this study, the soil moisture content in the 0–160 cm soil layer and the soil temperat...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/774 |
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| author | Min Tang Xiaodong Gao Chao Zhang Xining Zhao Pute Wu |
| author_facet | Min Tang Xiaodong Gao Chao Zhang Xining Zhao Pute Wu |
| author_sort | Min Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Revealing the characteristics of soil moisture and temperature under typical sloping land uses in the loess hilly region is of great significance for the efficient and sustainable use of sloping land resources. In this study, the soil moisture content in the 0–160 cm soil layer and the soil temperature in the 0–100 cm soil layer under soybean sloping field, maize terraced field, jujube orchard, and grassland were continuously observed during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons (May to October). Traditional statistical analysis and wavelet fractal dimension method were used to study the characteristics and complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes under different sloping land uses. The main findings are as follows: (1) Maize terraced field obtained high soil moisture content in the 0–160 cm soil layer, showing the outstanding effect of soil moisture conservation, especially in the drought growing season. Maize terraced field minimized the changing amplitude (<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>), variation degree (<i>C<sub>v</sub></i>), and active layer of soil moisture in the 0–160 cm soil layer and the <i>K</i><sub>a</sub> and <i>C<sub>v</sub></i> of soil temperature in the 0−100 cm soil layer. The maize terraced field had the minimum fractal dimensions of soil moisture and temperature both in normal precipitation and drought growing seasons, indicating that the maize terraced field minimized the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes. (2) The jujube orchard obtained the minimum soil moisture content in the 0−160 cm soil layer, and greatly increased the <i>K</i><sub>a</sub>, <i>C<sub>v</sub></i>, and active layer of soil moisture both in normal precipitation and drought growing seasons. The jujube orchard obtained the maximum soil temperature in the 0–100 cm soil layer, and greatly increased the <i>K</i><sub>a</sub> and <i>C<sub>v</sub></i> of soil temperature. The jujube orchard also had the maximum fractal dimensions of soil moisture and temperature, indicating that soil moisture and temperature changes in jujube orchard were the most complex. (3) Compared to jujube orchard, soybean sloping field and grassland increased soil moisture content, reduced the <i>K</i><sub>a</sub> and <i>C<sub>v</sub></i> of soil moisture and temperature, and weakened the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes. (4) The analysis results of the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes under the experimental sloping land uses based on the wavelet fractal dimension method were consistent with the traditional statistical analysis results, indicating that it is feasible to evaluate the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes under the typical sloping land uses in the loess hilly region by using wavelet fractal dimension method. In summary, terraced fields were conducive to improving soil moisture content and maintaining the stability of soil moisture and temperature. It is recommended that the project of changing sloping fields into terraced fields should be popularized in the loess hilly region to effectively utilize limited natural precipitation. In order to prevent the jujube orchard from degenerating and dying due to long-term drought and water shortage, effective water management measures need to be taken to achieve the sustainable development of dry farming jujube orchard. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5e7f0d910f62490b9a502d4cd9a4279b2023-11-20T02:12:20ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-05-0110677410.3390/agronomy10060774Sloping Land Use Affects Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Loess Hilly Region of ChinaMin Tang0Xiaodong Gao1Chao Zhang2Xining Zhao3Pute Wu4College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaInstitute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaInstitute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, ChinaInstitute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, ChinaRevealing the characteristics of soil moisture and temperature under typical sloping land uses in the loess hilly region is of great significance for the efficient and sustainable use of sloping land resources. In this study, the soil moisture content in the 0–160 cm soil layer and the soil temperature in the 0–100 cm soil layer under soybean sloping field, maize terraced field, jujube orchard, and grassland were continuously observed during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons (May to October). Traditional statistical analysis and wavelet fractal dimension method were used to study the characteristics and complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes under different sloping land uses. The main findings are as follows: (1) Maize terraced field obtained high soil moisture content in the 0–160 cm soil layer, showing the outstanding effect of soil moisture conservation, especially in the drought growing season. Maize terraced field minimized the changing amplitude (<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>), variation degree (<i>C<sub>v</sub></i>), and active layer of soil moisture in the 0–160 cm soil layer and the <i>K</i><sub>a</sub> and <i>C<sub>v</sub></i> of soil temperature in the 0−100 cm soil layer. The maize terraced field had the minimum fractal dimensions of soil moisture and temperature both in normal precipitation and drought growing seasons, indicating that the maize terraced field minimized the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes. (2) The jujube orchard obtained the minimum soil moisture content in the 0−160 cm soil layer, and greatly increased the <i>K</i><sub>a</sub>, <i>C<sub>v</sub></i>, and active layer of soil moisture both in normal precipitation and drought growing seasons. The jujube orchard obtained the maximum soil temperature in the 0–100 cm soil layer, and greatly increased the <i>K</i><sub>a</sub> and <i>C<sub>v</sub></i> of soil temperature. The jujube orchard also had the maximum fractal dimensions of soil moisture and temperature, indicating that soil moisture and temperature changes in jujube orchard were the most complex. (3) Compared to jujube orchard, soybean sloping field and grassland increased soil moisture content, reduced the <i>K</i><sub>a</sub> and <i>C<sub>v</sub></i> of soil moisture and temperature, and weakened the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes. (4) The analysis results of the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes under the experimental sloping land uses based on the wavelet fractal dimension method were consistent with the traditional statistical analysis results, indicating that it is feasible to evaluate the complexity of soil moisture and temperature changes under the typical sloping land uses in the loess hilly region by using wavelet fractal dimension method. In summary, terraced fields were conducive to improving soil moisture content and maintaining the stability of soil moisture and temperature. It is recommended that the project of changing sloping fields into terraced fields should be popularized in the loess hilly region to effectively utilize limited natural precipitation. In order to prevent the jujube orchard from degenerating and dying due to long-term drought and water shortage, effective water management measures need to be taken to achieve the sustainable development of dry farming jujube orchard.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/774sloping land usesoil moisturesoil temperatureloess hilly regionwavelet fractal dimension |
| spellingShingle | Min Tang Xiaodong Gao Chao Zhang Xining Zhao Pute Wu Sloping Land Use Affects Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Loess Hilly Region of China Agronomy sloping land use soil moisture soil temperature loess hilly region wavelet fractal dimension |
| title | Sloping Land Use Affects Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Loess Hilly Region of China |
| title_full | Sloping Land Use Affects Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Loess Hilly Region of China |
| title_fullStr | Sloping Land Use Affects Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Loess Hilly Region of China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sloping Land Use Affects Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Loess Hilly Region of China |
| title_short | Sloping Land Use Affects Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Loess Hilly Region of China |
| title_sort | sloping land use affects soil moisture and temperature in the loess hilly region of china |
| topic | sloping land use soil moisture soil temperature loess hilly region wavelet fractal dimension |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/774 |
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