Iron Related Biomarkers Predict Disease Severity in a Cohort of Portuguese Adult Patients during COVID-19 Acute Infection
Large variability in COVID-19 clinical progression urges the need to find the most relevant biomarkers to predict patients’ outcomes. We evaluated iron metabolism and immune response in 303 patients admitted to the main hospital of the northern region of Portugal with variable clinical pictures, fro...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/12/2482 |
| _version_ | 1797499902649958400 |
|---|---|
| author | Ana C. Moreira Maria Jose Teles Tânia Silva Clara M. Bento Inês Simões Alves Luisa Pereira João Tiago Guimarães Graça Porto Pedro Oliveira Maria Salomé Gomes |
| author_facet | Ana C. Moreira Maria Jose Teles Tânia Silva Clara M. Bento Inês Simões Alves Luisa Pereira João Tiago Guimarães Graça Porto Pedro Oliveira Maria Salomé Gomes |
| author_sort | Ana C. Moreira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Large variability in COVID-19 clinical progression urges the need to find the most relevant biomarkers to predict patients’ outcomes. We evaluated iron metabolism and immune response in 303 patients admitted to the main hospital of the northern region of Portugal with variable clinical pictures, from September to November 2020. One hundred and twenty-seven tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 176 tested negative. Iron-related laboratory parameters and cytokines were determined in blood samples collected soon after admission. Demographic data, comorbidities and clinical outcomes were recorded. Patients were assigned into five groups according to severity. Serum iron and transferrin levels at admission were lower in COVID-19-positive than in COVID-19-negative patients. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) were increased in COVID-19-positive patients. The lowest serum iron and transferrin levels at diagnosis were associated with the worst outcomes. Iron levels negatively correlated with IL-6 and higher levels of this cytokine were associated with a worse prognosis. Serum ferritin levels at diagnosis were higher in COVID-19-positive than in COVID-19-negative patients. Serum iron is the simplest laboratory test to be implemented as a predictor of disease progression in COVID-19-positive patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e813409badc4c2eade30ff6ff15ce61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:54:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e813409badc4c2eade30ff6ff15ce612023-11-23T10:58:34ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-12-011312248210.3390/v13122482Iron Related Biomarkers Predict Disease Severity in a Cohort of Portuguese Adult Patients during COVID-19 Acute InfectionAna C. Moreira0Maria Jose Teles1Tânia Silva2Clara M. Bento3Inês Simões Alves4Luisa Pereira5João Tiago Guimarães6Graça Porto7Pedro Oliveira8Maria Salomé Gomes9i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugali3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugali3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugali3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugali3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugali3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalCHUSJ—Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugali3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugali3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, PortugalLarge variability in COVID-19 clinical progression urges the need to find the most relevant biomarkers to predict patients’ outcomes. We evaluated iron metabolism and immune response in 303 patients admitted to the main hospital of the northern region of Portugal with variable clinical pictures, from September to November 2020. One hundred and twenty-seven tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 176 tested negative. Iron-related laboratory parameters and cytokines were determined in blood samples collected soon after admission. Demographic data, comorbidities and clinical outcomes were recorded. Patients were assigned into five groups according to severity. Serum iron and transferrin levels at admission were lower in COVID-19-positive than in COVID-19-negative patients. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) were increased in COVID-19-positive patients. The lowest serum iron and transferrin levels at diagnosis were associated with the worst outcomes. Iron levels negatively correlated with IL-6 and higher levels of this cytokine were associated with a worse prognosis. Serum ferritin levels at diagnosis were higher in COVID-19-positive than in COVID-19-negative patients. Serum iron is the simplest laboratory test to be implemented as a predictor of disease progression in COVID-19-positive patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/12/2482COVID-19ironinterleukin-6hepcidinferritinmacrophage chemoattractant protein-1 |
| spellingShingle | Ana C. Moreira Maria Jose Teles Tânia Silva Clara M. Bento Inês Simões Alves Luisa Pereira João Tiago Guimarães Graça Porto Pedro Oliveira Maria Salomé Gomes Iron Related Biomarkers Predict Disease Severity in a Cohort of Portuguese Adult Patients during COVID-19 Acute Infection Viruses COVID-19 iron interleukin-6 hepcidin ferritin macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 |
| title | Iron Related Biomarkers Predict Disease Severity in a Cohort of Portuguese Adult Patients during COVID-19 Acute Infection |
| title_full | Iron Related Biomarkers Predict Disease Severity in a Cohort of Portuguese Adult Patients during COVID-19 Acute Infection |
| title_fullStr | Iron Related Biomarkers Predict Disease Severity in a Cohort of Portuguese Adult Patients during COVID-19 Acute Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iron Related Biomarkers Predict Disease Severity in a Cohort of Portuguese Adult Patients during COVID-19 Acute Infection |
| title_short | Iron Related Biomarkers Predict Disease Severity in a Cohort of Portuguese Adult Patients during COVID-19 Acute Infection |
| title_sort | iron related biomarkers predict disease severity in a cohort of portuguese adult patients during covid 19 acute infection |
| topic | COVID-19 iron interleukin-6 hepcidin ferritin macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/12/2482 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anacmoreira ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection AT mariajoseteles ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection AT taniasilva ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection AT clarambento ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection AT inessimoesalves ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection AT luisapereira ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection AT joaotiagoguimaraes ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection AT gracaporto ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection AT pedrooliveira ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection AT mariasalomegomes ironrelatedbiomarkerspredictdiseaseseverityinacohortofportugueseadultpatientsduringcovid19acuteinfection |