Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate soft-tissue attachment to different metal, ceramic, and polymer implant surfaces using an inflamed, three-dimensional (3D), tissue-engineered, human oral mucosal model, as well as multiple-endpoint qualitative and quantitative biological approaches....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Dentistry Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/8/3/72 |
| _version_ | 1797563144255569920 |
|---|---|
| author | Emilia Barker Lina AlQobaly Zahab Shaikh Kirsty Franklin Keyvan Moharamzadeh |
| author_facet | Emilia Barker Lina AlQobaly Zahab Shaikh Kirsty Franklin Keyvan Moharamzadeh |
| author_sort | Emilia Barker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate soft-tissue attachment to different metal, ceramic, and polymer implant surfaces using an inflamed, three-dimensional (3D), tissue-engineered, human oral mucosal model, as well as multiple-endpoint qualitative and quantitative biological approaches. Methods: Normal human oral fibroblasts, OKF6/TERT-2 keratinocytes and THP-1 monocytes were cultured, and full-thickness, 3D oral mucosal models were engineered inside tissue culture inserts. Sand-blasted and acid-etched (SLA) and machined (M) titanium–zirconium alloy (TiZr; commercially known as Roxolid; Institut Straumann AG, Switzerland), ceramic (ZrO<sub>2</sub>), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) rods (Ø 4 mm × 8 mm) were inserted into the center of tissue-engineered oral mucosa following a Ø 4mm punch biopsy. Inflammation was simulated with addition of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (E. coli) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha to the culture medium. Implant soft-tissue attachment was assessed using histology, an implant pull-test with PrestoBlue assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Inflamed, full-thickness, 3D human oral mucosal models with inserted implants were successfully engineered and histologically characterized. The implant pull-test with PrestoBlue assay showed higher viability of the tissue that remained attached to the TiZr-SLA surface compared to the other test groups. This difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). SEM analysis showed evidence of epithelial cell attachment on different implant surfaces. Conclusions: The inflamed, 3D, oral mucosal model has the potential to be used as a suitable in vitro test system for visualization and quantification of implant soft-tissue attachment. The results of our study indicate greater soft tissue attachment to TiZr-SLA compared to TiZr-M, ceramic, and PEEK surfaces. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:38:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e819388124442748edba51a4496adaf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6767 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:38:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dentistry Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e819388124442748edba51a4496adaf2023-11-20T06:03:06ZengMDPI AGDentistry Journal2304-67672020-07-01837210.3390/dj8030072Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot StudyEmilia Barker0Lina AlQobaly1Zahab Shaikh2Kirsty Franklin3Keyvan Moharamzadeh4School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UKSchool of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UKSchool of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UKSchool of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UKSchool of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UKPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate soft-tissue attachment to different metal, ceramic, and polymer implant surfaces using an inflamed, three-dimensional (3D), tissue-engineered, human oral mucosal model, as well as multiple-endpoint qualitative and quantitative biological approaches. Methods: Normal human oral fibroblasts, OKF6/TERT-2 keratinocytes and THP-1 monocytes were cultured, and full-thickness, 3D oral mucosal models were engineered inside tissue culture inserts. Sand-blasted and acid-etched (SLA) and machined (M) titanium–zirconium alloy (TiZr; commercially known as Roxolid; Institut Straumann AG, Switzerland), ceramic (ZrO<sub>2</sub>), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) rods (Ø 4 mm × 8 mm) were inserted into the center of tissue-engineered oral mucosa following a Ø 4mm punch biopsy. Inflammation was simulated with addition of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (E. coli) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha to the culture medium. Implant soft-tissue attachment was assessed using histology, an implant pull-test with PrestoBlue assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Inflamed, full-thickness, 3D human oral mucosal models with inserted implants were successfully engineered and histologically characterized. The implant pull-test with PrestoBlue assay showed higher viability of the tissue that remained attached to the TiZr-SLA surface compared to the other test groups. This difference was statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). SEM analysis showed evidence of epithelial cell attachment on different implant surfaces. Conclusions: The inflamed, 3D, oral mucosal model has the potential to be used as a suitable in vitro test system for visualization and quantification of implant soft-tissue attachment. The results of our study indicate greater soft tissue attachment to TiZr-SLA compared to TiZr-M, ceramic, and PEEK surfaces.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/8/3/72oral mucosatissue engineeringimplantsoft tissue attachmenttitaniumzirconia |
| spellingShingle | Emilia Barker Lina AlQobaly Zahab Shaikh Kirsty Franklin Keyvan Moharamzadeh Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study Dentistry Journal oral mucosa tissue engineering implant soft tissue attachment titanium zirconia |
| title | Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study |
| title_full | Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study |
| title_short | Implant Soft-Tissue Attachment Using 3D Oral Mucosal Models—A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | implant soft tissue attachment using 3d oral mucosal models a pilot study |
| topic | oral mucosa tissue engineering implant soft tissue attachment titanium zirconia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/8/3/72 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT emiliabarker implantsofttissueattachmentusing3doralmucosalmodelsapilotstudy AT linaalqobaly implantsofttissueattachmentusing3doralmucosalmodelsapilotstudy AT zahabshaikh implantsofttissueattachmentusing3doralmucosalmodelsapilotstudy AT kirstyfranklin implantsofttissueattachmentusing3doralmucosalmodelsapilotstudy AT keyvanmoharamzadeh implantsofttissueattachmentusing3doralmucosalmodelsapilotstudy |