Microstructural engineering in carbon steel walls printed by directed energy deposition to enhance mechanical properties through heat-input control
The main object of the present study is focused on the systematic processing heat-input design based on directed energy deposition (DED) methodology, enrolling carbon steel phase transformation to control the mechanical properties. Three different 4-layer low-carbon alloy steel (ER70S-6) walls are f...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423030533 |
| _version_ | 1797338352973774848 |
|---|---|
| author | Yasamin Khebreh Farshchi Farzad Khodabakhshi Maryam Mohri Hassan Shirazi Mahmoud Nili-Ahmadabadi |
| author_facet | Yasamin Khebreh Farshchi Farzad Khodabakhshi Maryam Mohri Hassan Shirazi Mahmoud Nili-Ahmadabadi |
| author_sort | Yasamin Khebreh Farshchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main object of the present study is focused on the systematic processing heat-input design based on directed energy deposition (DED) methodology, enrolling carbon steel phase transformation to control the mechanical properties. Three different 4-layer low-carbon alloy steel (ER70S-6) walls are fabricated to investigate this matter with varying heat-inputs. To justify heat-inputs, single layers by metal-inert gas (MIG) welding with different heat-inputs were carried out, and the results were used as input data to the 4-layers fabrication. In addition, to get a more homogenous structure, some walls' heat-inputs have descended from the first layer to the top layer. The microstructural studies show that reducing heat-input causes a higher solidification rate and the formation of finer columnar grains, which significantly affects the mechanical properties. Electron microscopy analysis reveals that a higher cooling rate in the wall with descending heat-input from bottom to top (496 J/mm to 382 J/mm), motivates formation of the acicular ferrite and bainite, which significantly enhances the mechanical properties. The exceptional tensile toughness of the wall, ∼28.86 GPa%, with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ∼740 MPa, yield stress of ∼560 MPa, and an elongation to failure of ∼38 % depicted the impact of fine and multi-constituents' microstructure by heat-input control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:28:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e83a506609a4a30a80997e5457e695b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:28:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e83a506609a4a30a80997e5457e695b2024-01-31T05:43:13ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-01-0128490499Microstructural engineering in carbon steel walls printed by directed energy deposition to enhance mechanical properties through heat-input controlYasamin Khebreh Farshchi0Farzad Khodabakhshi1Maryam Mohri2Hassan Shirazi3Mahmoud Nili-Ahmadabadi4School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSchool of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranEMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland; Corresponding author.School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSchool of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author.The main object of the present study is focused on the systematic processing heat-input design based on directed energy deposition (DED) methodology, enrolling carbon steel phase transformation to control the mechanical properties. Three different 4-layer low-carbon alloy steel (ER70S-6) walls are fabricated to investigate this matter with varying heat-inputs. To justify heat-inputs, single layers by metal-inert gas (MIG) welding with different heat-inputs were carried out, and the results were used as input data to the 4-layers fabrication. In addition, to get a more homogenous structure, some walls' heat-inputs have descended from the first layer to the top layer. The microstructural studies show that reducing heat-input causes a higher solidification rate and the formation of finer columnar grains, which significantly affects the mechanical properties. Electron microscopy analysis reveals that a higher cooling rate in the wall with descending heat-input from bottom to top (496 J/mm to 382 J/mm), motivates formation of the acicular ferrite and bainite, which significantly enhances the mechanical properties. The exceptional tensile toughness of the wall, ∼28.86 GPa%, with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ∼740 MPa, yield stress of ∼560 MPa, and an elongation to failure of ∼38 % depicted the impact of fine and multi-constituents' microstructure by heat-input control.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423030533Directed energy deposition (DED)Heat-input controllingCarbon steelMicrostructureMechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Yasamin Khebreh Farshchi Farzad Khodabakhshi Maryam Mohri Hassan Shirazi Mahmoud Nili-Ahmadabadi Microstructural engineering in carbon steel walls printed by directed energy deposition to enhance mechanical properties through heat-input control Journal of Materials Research and Technology Directed energy deposition (DED) Heat-input controlling Carbon steel Microstructure Mechanical properties |
| title | Microstructural engineering in carbon steel walls printed by directed energy deposition to enhance mechanical properties through heat-input control |
| title_full | Microstructural engineering in carbon steel walls printed by directed energy deposition to enhance mechanical properties through heat-input control |
| title_fullStr | Microstructural engineering in carbon steel walls printed by directed energy deposition to enhance mechanical properties through heat-input control |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructural engineering in carbon steel walls printed by directed energy deposition to enhance mechanical properties through heat-input control |
| title_short | Microstructural engineering in carbon steel walls printed by directed energy deposition to enhance mechanical properties through heat-input control |
| title_sort | microstructural engineering in carbon steel walls printed by directed energy deposition to enhance mechanical properties through heat input control |
| topic | Directed energy deposition (DED) Heat-input controlling Carbon steel Microstructure Mechanical properties |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423030533 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yasaminkhebrehfarshchi microstructuralengineeringincarbonsteelwallsprintedbydirectedenergydepositiontoenhancemechanicalpropertiesthroughheatinputcontrol AT farzadkhodabakhshi microstructuralengineeringincarbonsteelwallsprintedbydirectedenergydepositiontoenhancemechanicalpropertiesthroughheatinputcontrol AT maryammohri microstructuralengineeringincarbonsteelwallsprintedbydirectedenergydepositiontoenhancemechanicalpropertiesthroughheatinputcontrol AT hassanshirazi microstructuralengineeringincarbonsteelwallsprintedbydirectedenergydepositiontoenhancemechanicalpropertiesthroughheatinputcontrol AT mahmoudniliahmadabadi microstructuralengineeringincarbonsteelwallsprintedbydirectedenergydepositiontoenhancemechanicalpropertiesthroughheatinputcontrol |