Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study Protocol
Plant materials can be contaminated with <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins and their derivatives, whose toxic effects on humans and animals may remain subclinical. Zearalenone (ZEN), a low-molecular-weight compound, is produced by molds in crop plants as a secondary metabolite. The objective of...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/6/379 |
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| author | Magdalena Gajęcka Magdalena Mróz Paweł Brzuzan Ewa Onyszek Łukasz Zielonka Karolina Lipczyńska-Ilczuk Katarzyna E. Przybyłowicz Andrzej Babuchowski Maciej T. Gajęcki |
| author_facet | Magdalena Gajęcka Magdalena Mróz Paweł Brzuzan Ewa Onyszek Łukasz Zielonka Karolina Lipczyńska-Ilczuk Katarzyna E. Przybyłowicz Andrzej Babuchowski Maciej T. Gajęcki |
| author_sort | Magdalena Gajęcka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant materials can be contaminated with <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins and their derivatives, whose toxic effects on humans and animals may remain subclinical. Zearalenone (ZEN), a low-molecular-weight compound, is produced by molds in crop plants as a secondary metabolite. The objective of this study will be to analyze the in vivo correlations between very low monotonic doses of ZEN (5, 10, and 15 μg ZEN/kg body weight—BW for 42 days) and the carryover of this mycotoxin and its selected metabolites from the intestinal contents to the intestinal walls, the <i>m</i>RNA expression of estrogen receptor alfa (ER<i>α</i>) and estrogen receptor beta (ER<i>β</i>) genes, and the <i>m</i>RNA expression of genes modulating selected colon enzymes (CYP1A1 and GSTP1) in the intestinal mucosa of pre-pubertal gilts. An in vivo experiment will be performed on 60 clinically healthy animals with initial BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg. The gilts will be randomly divided into a control group (group C, <i>n</i> = 15) and three experimental groups (group ZEN5, group ZEN10, and group ZEN15; <i>n</i> = 15). Group ZEN5 will be administered <i>per os</i> 5 μg ZEN/kg BW (MABEL), group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW (NOAEL), and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW (low LOAEL). In each group, five animals will be euthanized on analytical dates 1 (exposure day 7), 2 (exposure day 21), and 3 (exposure day 42). Samples for in vitro analyses will be collected from an intestinal segment resected from the following regions: the third (horizontal) part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon. The experimental material will be collected under special conditions, and it will be transported to specialist laboratories where samples will be obtained for further analyses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:02:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e88e3c2f991404ab172f46a2e729645 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:02:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e88e3c2f991404ab172f46a2e7296452023-11-21T21:24:32ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-05-0113637910.3390/toxins13060379Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study ProtocolMagdalena Gajęcka0Magdalena Mróz1Paweł Brzuzan2Ewa Onyszek3Łukasz Zielonka4Karolina Lipczyńska-Ilczuk5Katarzyna E. Przybyłowicz6Andrzej Babuchowski7Maciej T. Gajęcki8Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDairy Industry Innovation Institute Ltd., Kormoranów 1, 11-700 Mrągowo, PolandDepartment of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/01, 10-718 Olsztyn, PolandDepartment of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45F, 10-719 Olsztyn, PolandDairy Industry Innovation Institute Ltd., Kormoranów 1, 11-700 Mrągowo, PolandDepartment of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, PolandPlant materials can be contaminated with <i>Fusarium</i> mycotoxins and their derivatives, whose toxic effects on humans and animals may remain subclinical. Zearalenone (ZEN), a low-molecular-weight compound, is produced by molds in crop plants as a secondary metabolite. The objective of this study will be to analyze the in vivo correlations between very low monotonic doses of ZEN (5, 10, and 15 μg ZEN/kg body weight—BW for 42 days) and the carryover of this mycotoxin and its selected metabolites from the intestinal contents to the intestinal walls, the <i>m</i>RNA expression of estrogen receptor alfa (ER<i>α</i>) and estrogen receptor beta (ER<i>β</i>) genes, and the <i>m</i>RNA expression of genes modulating selected colon enzymes (CYP1A1 and GSTP1) in the intestinal mucosa of pre-pubertal gilts. An in vivo experiment will be performed on 60 clinically healthy animals with initial BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg. The gilts will be randomly divided into a control group (group C, <i>n</i> = 15) and three experimental groups (group ZEN5, group ZEN10, and group ZEN15; <i>n</i> = 15). Group ZEN5 will be administered <i>per os</i> 5 μg ZEN/kg BW (MABEL), group ZEN10—10 μg ZEN/kg BW (NOAEL), and group ZEN15—15 µg ZEN/kg BW (low LOAEL). In each group, five animals will be euthanized on analytical dates 1 (exposure day 7), 2 (exposure day 21), and 3 (exposure day 42). Samples for in vitro analyses will be collected from an intestinal segment resected from the following regions: the third (horizontal) part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon. The experimental material will be collected under special conditions, and it will be transported to specialist laboratories where samples will be obtained for further analyses.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/6/379zearalenonedigestive tractcarryover factorERs <i>m</i>RNACYP1A1 <i>m</i>RNAGSTP1 <i>m</i>RNA |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Gajęcka Magdalena Mróz Paweł Brzuzan Ewa Onyszek Łukasz Zielonka Karolina Lipczyńska-Ilczuk Katarzyna E. Przybyłowicz Andrzej Babuchowski Maciej T. Gajęcki Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study Protocol Toxins zearalenone digestive tract carryover factor ERs <i>m</i>RNA CYP1A1 <i>m</i>RNA GSTP1 <i>m</i>RNA |
| title | Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study Protocol |
| title_full | Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study Protocol |
| title_fullStr | Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study Protocol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study Protocol |
| title_short | Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts—A Study Protocol |
| title_sort | correlations between low doses of zearalenone its carryover factor and estrogen receptor expression in different segments of the intestines in pre pubertal gilts a study protocol |
| topic | zearalenone digestive tract carryover factor ERs <i>m</i>RNA CYP1A1 <i>m</i>RNA GSTP1 <i>m</i>RNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/6/379 |
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