Studying Corrosion Using Miniaturized Particle Attached Working Electrodes and the Nafion Membrane
We developed a new approach to attach particles onto a conductive layer as a working electrode (WE) in a microfluidic electrochemical cell with three electrodes. Nafion, an efficient proton transfer molecule, is used to form a thin protection layer to secure particle electrodes. Spin coating is used...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/11/1414 |
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| author | Jiyoung Son Edgar C. Buck Shawn L. Riechers Shalini Tripathi Lyndi E. Strange Mark H. Engelhard Xiao-Ying Yu |
| author_facet | Jiyoung Son Edgar C. Buck Shawn L. Riechers Shalini Tripathi Lyndi E. Strange Mark H. Engelhard Xiao-Ying Yu |
| author_sort | Jiyoung Son |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We developed a new approach to attach particles onto a conductive layer as a working electrode (WE) in a microfluidic electrochemical cell with three electrodes. Nafion, an efficient proton transfer molecule, is used to form a thin protection layer to secure particle electrodes. Spin coating is used to develop a thin and even layer of Nafion membrane. The effects of Nafion (5 wt% 20 wt%) and spinning rates were evaluated using multiple sets of replicates. The electrochemical performance of various devices was demonstrated. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of the devices is used to select and optimize fabrication conditions. The results show that a higher spinning rate and a lower Nafion concentration (5 wt%) induce a better performance, using cerium oxide (CeO<sub>2</sub>) particles as a testing model. The WE surfaces were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy-focused ion beam (SEM-FIB), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The comparison between the pristine and corroded WE surfaces shows that Nafion is redistributed after potential is applied. Our results verify that Nafion membrane offers a reliable means to secure particles onto electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance is reliable and reproducible. Thus, this approach provides a new way to study more complex and challenging particles, such as uranium oxide, in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:15:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5e99bf9345b342408bb3a6d1621cc92e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:15:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-5e99bf9345b342408bb3a6d1621cc92e2023-11-23T00:27:11ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2021-11-011211141410.3390/mi12111414Studying Corrosion Using Miniaturized Particle Attached Working Electrodes and the Nafion MembraneJiyoung Son0Edgar C. Buck1Shawn L. Riechers2Shalini Tripathi3Lyndi E. Strange4Mark H. Engelhard5Xiao-Ying Yu6Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USAEnergy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USAEnergy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USAEnergy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USAEnergy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USAEnvironmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USAEnergy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USAWe developed a new approach to attach particles onto a conductive layer as a working electrode (WE) in a microfluidic electrochemical cell with three electrodes. Nafion, an efficient proton transfer molecule, is used to form a thin protection layer to secure particle electrodes. Spin coating is used to develop a thin and even layer of Nafion membrane. The effects of Nafion (5 wt% 20 wt%) and spinning rates were evaluated using multiple sets of replicates. The electrochemical performance of various devices was demonstrated. Additionally, the electrochemical performance of the devices is used to select and optimize fabrication conditions. The results show that a higher spinning rate and a lower Nafion concentration (5 wt%) induce a better performance, using cerium oxide (CeO<sub>2</sub>) particles as a testing model. The WE surfaces were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy-focused ion beam (SEM-FIB), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The comparison between the pristine and corroded WE surfaces shows that Nafion is redistributed after potential is applied. Our results verify that Nafion membrane offers a reliable means to secure particles onto electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance is reliable and reproducible. Thus, this approach provides a new way to study more complex and challenging particles, such as uranium oxide, in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/11/1414nanoparticleworking electrodemicrofluidic electrochemical cellelectrochemical analysisparticle attached electrodeNafion membrane |
| spellingShingle | Jiyoung Son Edgar C. Buck Shawn L. Riechers Shalini Tripathi Lyndi E. Strange Mark H. Engelhard Xiao-Ying Yu Studying Corrosion Using Miniaturized Particle Attached Working Electrodes and the Nafion Membrane Micromachines nanoparticle working electrode microfluidic electrochemical cell electrochemical analysis particle attached electrode Nafion membrane |
| title | Studying Corrosion Using Miniaturized Particle Attached Working Electrodes and the Nafion Membrane |
| title_full | Studying Corrosion Using Miniaturized Particle Attached Working Electrodes and the Nafion Membrane |
| title_fullStr | Studying Corrosion Using Miniaturized Particle Attached Working Electrodes and the Nafion Membrane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Studying Corrosion Using Miniaturized Particle Attached Working Electrodes and the Nafion Membrane |
| title_short | Studying Corrosion Using Miniaturized Particle Attached Working Electrodes and the Nafion Membrane |
| title_sort | studying corrosion using miniaturized particle attached working electrodes and the nafion membrane |
| topic | nanoparticle working electrode microfluidic electrochemical cell electrochemical analysis particle attached electrode Nafion membrane |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/12/11/1414 |
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