The Influence of the Dilution Rate on the Aggressiveness of Inocula and the Expression of Resistance against <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight in Wheat
In previous research, conidium concentrations varying between 10,000 and 1,000,000/mL have not been related to any aggressiveness test. Therefore, two <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and two <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> isolates were tested in the field on seven genotypes highly diff...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/8/943 |
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| author | Beata Toth Andrea Gyorgy Monika Varga Akos Mesterhazy |
| author_facet | Beata Toth Andrea Gyorgy Monika Varga Akos Mesterhazy |
| author_sort | Beata Toth |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In previous research, conidium concentrations varying between 10,000 and 1,000,000/mL have not been related to any aggressiveness test. Therefore, two <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and two <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> isolates were tested in the field on seven genotypes highly differing in resistance at no dilution, and 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 dilutions in two years (2013 and 2014). The isolates showed different aggressiveness, which changed significantly at different dilution rates for disease index (DI), <i>Fusarium</i>-damaged kernels (FDK), and deoxynivalenol (DON). The traits also had diverging responses to the infection. The effect of the dilution could not be forecasted. The genotype ranks also varied. Dilution seldomly increased aggressiveness, but often lower aggressiveness occurred at high variation. The maximum and minimum values varied between 15% and 40% for traits and dilutions. The reductions between the non-diluted and diluted values (total means) for DI ranged from 6% and 33%, for FDK 8.3–37.7%, and for DON 5.8–44.8%. The most sensitive and most important trait was DON. The introduction of the aggressiveness test provides improved regulation compared to the uncontrolled manipulation of the conidium concentration. The use of more isolates significantly increases the credibility of phenotyping in genetic and cultivar registration studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:12:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ea53e1fb71c4d2790820618e25adbdb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:12:59Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ea53e1fb71c4d2790820618e25adbdb2023-11-20T07:55:10ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-07-019894310.3390/plants9080943The Influence of the Dilution Rate on the Aggressiveness of Inocula and the Expression of Resistance against <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight in WheatBeata Toth0Andrea Gyorgy1Monika Varga2Akos Mesterhazy3NAIK Department of Field Crops Research, 6726 Szeged, HungaryNAIK Department of Field Crops Research, 6726 Szeged, HungaryNAIK Department of Field Crops Research, 6726 Szeged, HungaryCereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., 6726 Szeged, HungaryIn previous research, conidium concentrations varying between 10,000 and 1,000,000/mL have not been related to any aggressiveness test. Therefore, two <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and two <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> isolates were tested in the field on seven genotypes highly differing in resistance at no dilution, and 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16 dilutions in two years (2013 and 2014). The isolates showed different aggressiveness, which changed significantly at different dilution rates for disease index (DI), <i>Fusarium</i>-damaged kernels (FDK), and deoxynivalenol (DON). The traits also had diverging responses to the infection. The effect of the dilution could not be forecasted. The genotype ranks also varied. Dilution seldomly increased aggressiveness, but often lower aggressiveness occurred at high variation. The maximum and minimum values varied between 15% and 40% for traits and dilutions. The reductions between the non-diluted and diluted values (total means) for DI ranged from 6% and 33%, for FDK 8.3–37.7%, and for DON 5.8–44.8%. The most sensitive and most important trait was DON. The introduction of the aggressiveness test provides improved regulation compared to the uncontrolled manipulation of the conidium concentration. The use of more isolates significantly increases the credibility of phenotyping in genetic and cultivar registration studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/8/943<i>Fusarium</i> head blightresistanceartificial inoculationdeoxynivalenol (DON)<i>Fusarium</i> damaged kernels (FDK)disease index (DI) |
| spellingShingle | Beata Toth Andrea Gyorgy Monika Varga Akos Mesterhazy The Influence of the Dilution Rate on the Aggressiveness of Inocula and the Expression of Resistance against <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight in Wheat Plants <i>Fusarium</i> head blight resistance artificial inoculation deoxynivalenol (DON) <i>Fusarium</i> damaged kernels (FDK) disease index (DI) |
| title | The Influence of the Dilution Rate on the Aggressiveness of Inocula and the Expression of Resistance against <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight in Wheat |
| title_full | The Influence of the Dilution Rate on the Aggressiveness of Inocula and the Expression of Resistance against <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight in Wheat |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of the Dilution Rate on the Aggressiveness of Inocula and the Expression of Resistance against <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight in Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of the Dilution Rate on the Aggressiveness of Inocula and the Expression of Resistance against <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight in Wheat |
| title_short | The Influence of the Dilution Rate on the Aggressiveness of Inocula and the Expression of Resistance against <i>Fusarium</i> Head Blight in Wheat |
| title_sort | influence of the dilution rate on the aggressiveness of inocula and the expression of resistance against i fusarium i head blight in wheat |
| topic | <i>Fusarium</i> head blight resistance artificial inoculation deoxynivalenol (DON) <i>Fusarium</i> damaged kernels (FDK) disease index (DI) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/8/943 |
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