Experimental and Kinetic Study on Laminar Burning Velocities of High Ratio Hydrogen Addition to CH<sub>4</sub>+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> and NG+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> Flames
In 2020, energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reached 31.5 Gt, leading to an unprecedented atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> level of 412.5 ppm. Hydrogen blending in natural gas (NG) is a solution for maximizing clean energy utilization and enabling long-distance H<sub>2<...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5265 |
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| author | Ziyue Zhang Runfan Zhu Yanqun Zhu Wubin Weng Yong He Zhihua Wang |
| author_facet | Ziyue Zhang Runfan Zhu Yanqun Zhu Wubin Weng Yong He Zhihua Wang |
| author_sort | Ziyue Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In 2020, energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reached 31.5 Gt, leading to an unprecedented atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> level of 412.5 ppm. Hydrogen blending in natural gas (NG) is a solution for maximizing clean energy utilization and enabling long-distance H<sub>2</sub> transport through pipelines. However, insufficient comprehension concerning the combustion characteristics of NG, specifically when blended with a high proportion of hydrogen up to 80%, particularly with minority species, persists. Utilizing the heat flux method at room temperature and 1 atm, this experiment investigated the laminar burning velocities of CH<sub>4</sub>/NG/H<sub>2</sub>/air/He flames incorporating minority species, specifically C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> and C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8,</sub> within NG. The results point out the regularity of <i>S<sub>L</sub></i> enhancement, reaching its maximum at an equivalence ratio of 1.4. Furthermore, the propensity for the enhancement of laminar burning velocity aligned with the observed thermoacoustic oscillation instability during fuel-rich regimes. The experimental findings were contrasted with kinetic simulations, utilizing the GRI 3.0 and San Diego mechanisms to facilitate analysis. The inclusion of H<sub>2</sub> augments the chemical reactions within the preheating zone, while the thermal effect from temperature is negligible. Both experimental and simulated results revealed that CH<sub>4</sub> and NG with a large proportion of H<sub>2</sub> had no difference, no matter whether from a laminar burning velocity or a kinetic analysis aspect. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:07:41Z |
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| id | doaj.art-5ea68b85f44943de9c24a7ea63fa4349 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:07:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ea68b85f44943de9c24a7ea63fa43492023-11-18T19:07:47ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-07-011614526510.3390/en16145265Experimental and Kinetic Study on Laminar Burning Velocities of High Ratio Hydrogen Addition to CH<sub>4</sub>+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> and NG+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> FlamesZiyue Zhang0Runfan Zhu1Yanqun Zhu2Wubin Weng3Yong He4Zhihua Wang5State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaIn 2020, energy-related CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reached 31.5 Gt, leading to an unprecedented atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> level of 412.5 ppm. Hydrogen blending in natural gas (NG) is a solution for maximizing clean energy utilization and enabling long-distance H<sub>2</sub> transport through pipelines. However, insufficient comprehension concerning the combustion characteristics of NG, specifically when blended with a high proportion of hydrogen up to 80%, particularly with minority species, persists. Utilizing the heat flux method at room temperature and 1 atm, this experiment investigated the laminar burning velocities of CH<sub>4</sub>/NG/H<sub>2</sub>/air/He flames incorporating minority species, specifically C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> and C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8,</sub> within NG. The results point out the regularity of <i>S<sub>L</sub></i> enhancement, reaching its maximum at an equivalence ratio of 1.4. Furthermore, the propensity for the enhancement of laminar burning velocity aligned with the observed thermoacoustic oscillation instability during fuel-rich regimes. The experimental findings were contrasted with kinetic simulations, utilizing the GRI 3.0 and San Diego mechanisms to facilitate analysis. The inclusion of H<sub>2</sub> augments the chemical reactions within the preheating zone, while the thermal effect from temperature is negligible. Both experimental and simulated results revealed that CH<sub>4</sub> and NG with a large proportion of H<sub>2</sub> had no difference, no matter whether from a laminar burning velocity or a kinetic analysis aspect.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5265natural gashydrogen additionlaminar burning velocitychemical kineticsheat flux method |
| spellingShingle | Ziyue Zhang Runfan Zhu Yanqun Zhu Wubin Weng Yong He Zhihua Wang Experimental and Kinetic Study on Laminar Burning Velocities of High Ratio Hydrogen Addition to CH<sub>4</sub>+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> and NG+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> Flames Energies natural gas hydrogen addition laminar burning velocity chemical kinetics heat flux method |
| title | Experimental and Kinetic Study on Laminar Burning Velocities of High Ratio Hydrogen Addition to CH<sub>4</sub>+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> and NG+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> Flames |
| title_full | Experimental and Kinetic Study on Laminar Burning Velocities of High Ratio Hydrogen Addition to CH<sub>4</sub>+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> and NG+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> Flames |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and Kinetic Study on Laminar Burning Velocities of High Ratio Hydrogen Addition to CH<sub>4</sub>+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> and NG+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> Flames |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and Kinetic Study on Laminar Burning Velocities of High Ratio Hydrogen Addition to CH<sub>4</sub>+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> and NG+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> Flames |
| title_short | Experimental and Kinetic Study on Laminar Burning Velocities of High Ratio Hydrogen Addition to CH<sub>4</sub>+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> and NG+O<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> Flames |
| title_sort | experimental and kinetic study on laminar burning velocities of high ratio hydrogen addition to ch sub 4 sub o sub 2 sub n sub 2 sub and ng o sub 2 sub n sub 2 sub flames |
| topic | natural gas hydrogen addition laminar burning velocity chemical kinetics heat flux method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/14/5265 |
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