Magnetic and Geochemical Properties of Zagreb City Area Soils
This study was performed to derive the first insight into the distribution of low-field volume magnetic susceptibility (MS) throughout Zagreb city, based on in situ field measurements. The most interesting locations were selected for soil sampling and their geochemical contents were determined using...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/12/1481 |
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| author | Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski Josip Peco Sanja Sakan Dragana Đorđević Dejan Inđić |
| author_facet | Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski Josip Peco Sanja Sakan Dragana Đorđević Dejan Inđić |
| author_sort | Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was performed to derive the first insight into the distribution of low-field volume magnetic susceptibility (MS) throughout Zagreb city, based on in situ field measurements. The most interesting locations were selected for soil sampling and their geochemical contents were determined using ICP-OES. A geostatistical approach was applied to the MS and geochemical results. A median of 0.245 × 10<sup>−3</sup> SI units was proposed as the average MS value in Zagreb. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in Zagreb’s soils (in µg/g) are Pb (36.82), Zn (87.77), Cu (30.84), Cd (0.66), Cr (29.04), Co (11.89), and Ni (28.40), and these measurements are relatively low in comparison to the Croatian legislation and the European and world average. Boxplot analyses demonstrate that 45% of the studied elements do not feature any anomalies, while most of the remaining elements indicate only one weak anomaly located at the same site as the MS anomalies. Our statistical analysis found significant correlations between MS and the following elements: Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Na, Pb, Sb, and Zn. In situ MS measurements proved to be an efficient tool for the initial screening of large areas with elevated concentrations of heavy elements, enabling the cheap and fast assessment of the state of the environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:30:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ea892c7ea27443393eadf85c18e7cbf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:30:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ea892c7ea27443393eadf85c18e7cbf2023-12-22T14:26:30ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2023-11-011312148110.3390/min13121481Magnetic and Geochemical Properties of Zagreb City Area SoilsStanislav Frančišković-Bilinski0Josip Peco1Sanja Sakan2Dragana Đorđević3Dejan Inđić4Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaCollege of Applied Studies for Criminalistic Studies and Security, Beogradska 1, 18000 Niš, SerbiaThis study was performed to derive the first insight into the distribution of low-field volume magnetic susceptibility (MS) throughout Zagreb city, based on in situ field measurements. The most interesting locations were selected for soil sampling and their geochemical contents were determined using ICP-OES. A geostatistical approach was applied to the MS and geochemical results. A median of 0.245 × 10<sup>−3</sup> SI units was proposed as the average MS value in Zagreb. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in Zagreb’s soils (in µg/g) are Pb (36.82), Zn (87.77), Cu (30.84), Cd (0.66), Cr (29.04), Co (11.89), and Ni (28.40), and these measurements are relatively low in comparison to the Croatian legislation and the European and world average. Boxplot analyses demonstrate that 45% of the studied elements do not feature any anomalies, while most of the remaining elements indicate only one weak anomaly located at the same site as the MS anomalies. Our statistical analysis found significant correlations between MS and the following elements: Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Na, Pb, Sb, and Zn. In situ MS measurements proved to be an efficient tool for the initial screening of large areas with elevated concentrations of heavy elements, enabling the cheap and fast assessment of the state of the environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/12/1481magnetic susceptibilitygeochemistryZagreb urban area (Croatia)soilsanthropogenic influencegeological background |
| spellingShingle | Stanislav Frančišković-Bilinski Josip Peco Sanja Sakan Dragana Đorđević Dejan Inđić Magnetic and Geochemical Properties of Zagreb City Area Soils Minerals magnetic susceptibility geochemistry Zagreb urban area (Croatia) soils anthropogenic influence geological background |
| title | Magnetic and Geochemical Properties of Zagreb City Area Soils |
| title_full | Magnetic and Geochemical Properties of Zagreb City Area Soils |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic and Geochemical Properties of Zagreb City Area Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic and Geochemical Properties of Zagreb City Area Soils |
| title_short | Magnetic and Geochemical Properties of Zagreb City Area Soils |
| title_sort | magnetic and geochemical properties of zagreb city area soils |
| topic | magnetic susceptibility geochemistry Zagreb urban area (Croatia) soils anthropogenic influence geological background |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/13/12/1481 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stanislavfranciskovicbilinski magneticandgeochemicalpropertiesofzagrebcityareasoils AT josippeco magneticandgeochemicalpropertiesofzagrebcityareasoils AT sanjasakan magneticandgeochemicalpropertiesofzagrebcityareasoils AT draganađorđevic magneticandgeochemicalpropertiesofzagrebcityareasoils AT dejaninđic magneticandgeochemicalpropertiesofzagrebcityareasoils |