Laser Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel via Powder Mixture
Laser additively manufactured duplex stainless steels contain mostly ferrite in the as-built parts due to rapid solidification of the printed layers. To achieve duplex microstructures (ferrite and austenite in roughly equal proportions) and, thus, a good combination of mechanical properties and corr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/6/4/72 |
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| author | Chengsong Cui Louis Becker Eric Gärtner Johannes Boes Jonathan Lentz Volker Uhlenwinkel Matthias Steinbacher Sebastian Weber Rainer Fechte-Heinen |
| author_facet | Chengsong Cui Louis Becker Eric Gärtner Johannes Boes Jonathan Lentz Volker Uhlenwinkel Matthias Steinbacher Sebastian Weber Rainer Fechte-Heinen |
| author_sort | Chengsong Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Laser additively manufactured duplex stainless steels contain mostly ferrite in the as-built parts due to rapid solidification of the printed layers. To achieve duplex microstructures (ferrite and austenite in roughly equal proportions) and, thus, a good combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, an austenitic stainless steel powder (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) and a super duplex stainless steel powder (X2CrNiMoN25-7-4) were mixed in different proportions and the powder mixtures were processed via PBF-LB/M (Laser Powder Bed Fusion) under various processing conditions by varying the laser power and the laser scanning speed. The optimal process parameters for dense as-built parts were determined by means of light optical microscopy and density measurements. The austenitic and ferritic phase formation of the mixed alloys was significantly influenced by the chemical composition adjusted by powder mixing and the laser energy input during PBF-LB/M. The austenite content increases, on the one hand, with an increasing proportion of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 in the powder mixtures and on the other hand with increasing laser energy input. The latter phenomenon could be attributed to a slower solidification and a higher melt pool homogeneity with increasing energy input influencing the phase formation during solidification and cooling. The desired duplex microstructures could be achieved by mixing the X2CrNiMo17-12-2 powder and the X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 powder at a specific mixing ratio and building with the optimal PBF-LB/M parameters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:10:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ec8688fe2314eef9b7e135de9d47796 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-4494 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:10:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ec8688fe2314eef9b7e135de9d477962023-11-30T21:42:55ZengMDPI AGJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing2504-44942022-07-01647210.3390/jmmp6040072Laser Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel via Powder MixtureChengsong Cui0Louis Becker1Eric Gärtner2Johannes Boes3Jonathan Lentz4Volker Uhlenwinkel5Matthias Steinbacher6Sebastian Weber7Rainer Fechte-Heinen8Leibniz-Institute for Materials Engineering—IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, GermanyChair of Materials Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Building ICFO 03, 44801 Bochum, GermanyLeibniz-Institute for Materials Engineering—IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, GermanyChair of Materials Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Building ICFO 03, 44801 Bochum, GermanyChair of Materials Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Building ICFO 03, 44801 Bochum, GermanyLeibniz-Institute for Materials Engineering—IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, GermanyLeibniz-Institute for Materials Engineering—IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, GermanyChair of Materials Technology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Building ICFO 03, 44801 Bochum, GermanyLeibniz-Institute for Materials Engineering—IWT, Badgasteiner Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, GermanyLaser additively manufactured duplex stainless steels contain mostly ferrite in the as-built parts due to rapid solidification of the printed layers. To achieve duplex microstructures (ferrite and austenite in roughly equal proportions) and, thus, a good combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, an austenitic stainless steel powder (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) and a super duplex stainless steel powder (X2CrNiMoN25-7-4) were mixed in different proportions and the powder mixtures were processed via PBF-LB/M (Laser Powder Bed Fusion) under various processing conditions by varying the laser power and the laser scanning speed. The optimal process parameters for dense as-built parts were determined by means of light optical microscopy and density measurements. The austenitic and ferritic phase formation of the mixed alloys was significantly influenced by the chemical composition adjusted by powder mixing and the laser energy input during PBF-LB/M. The austenite content increases, on the one hand, with an increasing proportion of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 in the powder mixtures and on the other hand with increasing laser energy input. The latter phenomenon could be attributed to a slower solidification and a higher melt pool homogeneity with increasing energy input influencing the phase formation during solidification and cooling. The desired duplex microstructures could be achieved by mixing the X2CrNiMo17-12-2 powder and the X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 powder at a specific mixing ratio and building with the optimal PBF-LB/M parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/6/4/72laser additive manufacturingduplex stainless steelpowder mixture |
| spellingShingle | Chengsong Cui Louis Becker Eric Gärtner Johannes Boes Jonathan Lentz Volker Uhlenwinkel Matthias Steinbacher Sebastian Weber Rainer Fechte-Heinen Laser Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel via Powder Mixture Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing laser additive manufacturing duplex stainless steel powder mixture |
| title | Laser Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel via Powder Mixture |
| title_full | Laser Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel via Powder Mixture |
| title_fullStr | Laser Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel via Powder Mixture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laser Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel via Powder Mixture |
| title_short | Laser Additive Manufacturing of Duplex Stainless Steel via Powder Mixture |
| title_sort | laser additive manufacturing of duplex stainless steel via powder mixture |
| topic | laser additive manufacturing duplex stainless steel powder mixture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/6/4/72 |
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