The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China.
Coordinated surveillance, vaccination and public information efforts have brought the Chinese rabies epizootic under control, but significant numbers of fatalities are still reported annually with some cases occurring in previously rabies free regions. Tibet has remained virtually rabies free for 16...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2019-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6349412?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1828400305565335552 |
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| author | Xiao-Yan Tao Mu-Li Li Qian Wang Ciwang Baima Mei Hong Wei Li Yong-Biao Wu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Min Zhao Simon Rayner Wu-Yang Zhu |
| author_facet | Xiao-Yan Tao Mu-Li Li Qian Wang Ciwang Baima Mei Hong Wei Li Yong-Biao Wu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Min Zhao Simon Rayner Wu-Yang Zhu |
| author_sort | Xiao-Yan Tao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coordinated surveillance, vaccination and public information efforts have brought the Chinese rabies epizootic under control, but significant numbers of fatalities are still reported annually with some cases occurring in previously rabies free regions. Tibet has remained virtually rabies free for 16 years, but since 2015 one human rabies case has been reported each year. To better understand the origins of these cases, we sequenced three human samples and an additional sample isolated from a dog in 2012. Three genomes were sequenced from brain samples: human case 1 (reported in 2015), human case 3 (2017), and the 2012 dog case. For human case 2 (2016), the rabies N gene was sequenced from a limited saliva sample. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Case 1 (CXZ1501H) and the dog case (CXZ1201D) belong to China IV lineage (equivalent to Arctic-like-2 in global rabies), suggesting an association with a wildlife spillover event. However, Case 2 (CXZ1601H) is placed within the dominant lineage China I, and was most similar with recent strains from neighboring Yunnan province, indicating the current epizootic has finally reached Tibet. Most surprisingly however, was the finding that Case 3 (CXZ1704H) is distinct from other Chinese isolates. This isolate is placed in the Indian Subcontinent clade, similar to recent Nepal strains, indicating that cross-border transmission is a new source for rabies infections. Thus, the complex mixture of the rabies epizootic in Tibet represents a major new challenge for Tibet and national rabies control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:30:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ed8ac84cb494ebb8827a9de528acaa0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T09:30:23Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ed8ac84cb494ebb8827a9de528acaa02022-12-22T01:54:23ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352019-01-01131e000703610.1371/journal.pntd.0007036The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China.Xiao-Yan TaoMu-Li LiQian WangCiwang BaimaMei HongWei LiYong-Biao WuYan-Rong LiYu-Min ZhaoSimon RaynerWu-Yang ZhuCoordinated surveillance, vaccination and public information efforts have brought the Chinese rabies epizootic under control, but significant numbers of fatalities are still reported annually with some cases occurring in previously rabies free regions. Tibet has remained virtually rabies free for 16 years, but since 2015 one human rabies case has been reported each year. To better understand the origins of these cases, we sequenced three human samples and an additional sample isolated from a dog in 2012. Three genomes were sequenced from brain samples: human case 1 (reported in 2015), human case 3 (2017), and the 2012 dog case. For human case 2 (2016), the rabies N gene was sequenced from a limited saliva sample. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Case 1 (CXZ1501H) and the dog case (CXZ1201D) belong to China IV lineage (equivalent to Arctic-like-2 in global rabies), suggesting an association with a wildlife spillover event. However, Case 2 (CXZ1601H) is placed within the dominant lineage China I, and was most similar with recent strains from neighboring Yunnan province, indicating the current epizootic has finally reached Tibet. Most surprisingly however, was the finding that Case 3 (CXZ1704H) is distinct from other Chinese isolates. This isolate is placed in the Indian Subcontinent clade, similar to recent Nepal strains, indicating that cross-border transmission is a new source for rabies infections. Thus, the complex mixture of the rabies epizootic in Tibet represents a major new challenge for Tibet and national rabies control.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6349412?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Xiao-Yan Tao Mu-Li Li Qian Wang Ciwang Baima Mei Hong Wei Li Yong-Biao Wu Yan-Rong Li Yu-Min Zhao Simon Rayner Wu-Yang Zhu The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
| title_full | The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
| title_fullStr | The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
| title_short | The reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an Indian subcontinent lineage in Tibet, China. |
| title_sort | reemergence of human rabies and emergence of an indian subcontinent lineage in tibet china |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6349412?pdf=render |
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