Biocompatible Glycol Chitosan Microgels as Effective Drug Carriers
Glycol chitosan (GC) is a chitosan (CH) derivative with improved water solubility with regards to CH which affords significant solubility advantages. In this study, microgels of GC as p(GC) were synthesized by a microemulsion technique at various crosslinking ratios e.g., 5%, 10%, 50%, 75%, and 150%...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/5/398 |
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| author | Mehtap Sahiner Aynur S. Yilmaz Ramesh S. Ayyala Nurettin Sahiner |
| author_facet | Mehtap Sahiner Aynur S. Yilmaz Ramesh S. Ayyala Nurettin Sahiner |
| author_sort | Mehtap Sahiner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glycol chitosan (GC) is a chitosan (CH) derivative with improved water solubility with regards to CH which affords significant solubility advantages. In this study, microgels of GC as p(GC) were synthesized by a microemulsion technique at various crosslinking ratios e.g., 5%, 10%, 50%, 75%, and 150% based on the repeating unit of GC using divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The prepared p(GC) microgels were tested for blood compatibility and it was found that p(GC) microgels at 1.0 mg/mL concentration possessed a 1.15 ± 0.1% hemolysis ratio and 89 ± 5% blood clotting index value confirming their hemocompatibility. In addition, p(GC) microgels were found biocompatible with 75.5 ± 5% cell viability against L929 fibroblasts even at a 2.0 mg/mL concentration. By loading and releasing tannic acid (TA) (a polyphenolic compound with high antioxidant activity) as an active agent, p(GC) microgels’ possible drug delivery device application was examined. The TA loading amount of p(GC) microgels was determined as 323.89 mg/g, and TA releases from TA loaded microgels (TA@p(GC)) were found to be linear within 9 h and a total amount of TA released was determined as 42.56 ± 2 mg/g within 57 h. According to the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) test, 400 µL of the sample added to the ABTS+ solution inhibited 68.5 ± 1.7% of the radicals. On the other hand, the total phenol content (FC) test revealed that 2000 μg/mL of TA@p(GC) microgels resulted in 27.5 ± 9.5 mg/mL GA eq antioxidant properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:42:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5edab0bc22fc4556aec3b41aaee7f73d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:42:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-5edab0bc22fc4556aec3b41aaee7f73d2023-11-18T01:27:58ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-05-019539810.3390/gels9050398Biocompatible Glycol Chitosan Microgels as Effective Drug CarriersMehtap Sahiner0Aynur S. Yilmaz1Ramesh S. Ayyala2Nurettin Sahiner3Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, TurkeyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & Arts, Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, TurkeyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Eye Institute,12901 Bruce B Down Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USADepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences & Arts, Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus, Canakkale 17100, TurkeyGlycol chitosan (GC) is a chitosan (CH) derivative with improved water solubility with regards to CH which affords significant solubility advantages. In this study, microgels of GC as p(GC) were synthesized by a microemulsion technique at various crosslinking ratios e.g., 5%, 10%, 50%, 75%, and 150% based on the repeating unit of GC using divinyl sulfone (DVS) as a crosslinker. The prepared p(GC) microgels were tested for blood compatibility and it was found that p(GC) microgels at 1.0 mg/mL concentration possessed a 1.15 ± 0.1% hemolysis ratio and 89 ± 5% blood clotting index value confirming their hemocompatibility. In addition, p(GC) microgels were found biocompatible with 75.5 ± 5% cell viability against L929 fibroblasts even at a 2.0 mg/mL concentration. By loading and releasing tannic acid (TA) (a polyphenolic compound with high antioxidant activity) as an active agent, p(GC) microgels’ possible drug delivery device application was examined. The TA loading amount of p(GC) microgels was determined as 323.89 mg/g, and TA releases from TA loaded microgels (TA@p(GC)) were found to be linear within 9 h and a total amount of TA released was determined as 42.56 ± 2 mg/g within 57 h. According to the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) test, 400 µL of the sample added to the ABTS+ solution inhibited 68.5 ± 1.7% of the radicals. On the other hand, the total phenol content (FC) test revealed that 2000 μg/mL of TA@p(GC) microgels resulted in 27.5 ± 9.5 mg/mL GA eq antioxidant properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/5/398glycol chitosan microspheredrug delivery systemtannic acidnatural polymeric drug carriersantioxidant activity |
| spellingShingle | Mehtap Sahiner Aynur S. Yilmaz Ramesh S. Ayyala Nurettin Sahiner Biocompatible Glycol Chitosan Microgels as Effective Drug Carriers Gels glycol chitosan microsphere drug delivery system tannic acid natural polymeric drug carriers antioxidant activity |
| title | Biocompatible Glycol Chitosan Microgels as Effective Drug Carriers |
| title_full | Biocompatible Glycol Chitosan Microgels as Effective Drug Carriers |
| title_fullStr | Biocompatible Glycol Chitosan Microgels as Effective Drug Carriers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocompatible Glycol Chitosan Microgels as Effective Drug Carriers |
| title_short | Biocompatible Glycol Chitosan Microgels as Effective Drug Carriers |
| title_sort | biocompatible glycol chitosan microgels as effective drug carriers |
| topic | glycol chitosan microsphere drug delivery system tannic acid natural polymeric drug carriers antioxidant activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/5/398 |
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