Multivariate analysis of multiscale periodicity in North American annual mean sea level based on wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence
The relationships between sea levels and single climate indexes have been widely explored. However, sea level is controlled by multiple climate factors simultaneously with differences among places and time scales. Despite this, few studies have addressed the relationships between sea levels and mult...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Climate Change |
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| Online Access: | http://jwcc.iwaponline.com/content/13/9/3435 |
| _version_ | 1811248683996413952 |
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| author | Chao Song Xiaohong Chen |
| author_facet | Chao Song Xiaohong Chen |
| author_sort | Chao Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The relationships between sea levels and single climate indexes have been widely explored. However, sea level is controlled by multiple climate factors simultaneously with differences among places and time scales. Despite this, few studies have addressed the relationships between sea levels and multiple climate indexes. Here, the interrelations between the annual mean sea level (AMSL) and individual climate indexes and combinations of climate indexes were characterized by wavelet coherence (WTC) and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC). The results showed that six climate indexes had a significant correlation with AMSL, among which the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) had the least significant correlation, but Niño3.4 had the significant correlation. The average significant coherence area (PASC) value for Niño3.4 was 14.03% and its average wavelet coherence (AWC) value was 0.79. By combining climate indexes, the average values of PASC and AWC can be significantly increased. The average PASC and AWC values of the five climate index combinations were the largest, 95.87% and 0.965, respectively, followed by four, three, and two index combinations. A single climate index is not sufficient to explain sea level change in North America. Sea level changes in North America require between three and five climate indexes to explain, depending on the region. By calculating PASC and AWC values, this study provides the possibility to understand the impact of the combined effects of multiple climate indexes on AMSL, is of great help to screen the best predictor of sea level, and provides a new method to reveal the complex mechanism of sea level change.
HIGHLIGHTS
Multiple wavelet coherence is first used to study the relationship between the annual mean sea level and multiple climate indexes.;
We determine the optimal climate index combination for the annual mean sea level in North America.;
We analyze the multiple time scales and dominant periods of the annual mean sea level in North America.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:32:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5edcba48b77c4cca90a1f30d6d37db81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2040-2244 2408-9354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T15:32:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Water and Climate Change |
| spelling | doaj.art-5edcba48b77c4cca90a1f30d6d37db812022-12-22T03:27:03ZengIWA PublishingJournal of Water and Climate Change2040-22442408-93542022-09-011393435345710.2166/wcc.2022.180180Multivariate analysis of multiscale periodicity in North American annual mean sea level based on wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherenceChao Song0Xiaohong Chen1 Center for Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Center for Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China The relationships between sea levels and single climate indexes have been widely explored. However, sea level is controlled by multiple climate factors simultaneously with differences among places and time scales. Despite this, few studies have addressed the relationships between sea levels and multiple climate indexes. Here, the interrelations between the annual mean sea level (AMSL) and individual climate indexes and combinations of climate indexes were characterized by wavelet coherence (WTC) and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC). The results showed that six climate indexes had a significant correlation with AMSL, among which the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) had the least significant correlation, but Niño3.4 had the significant correlation. The average significant coherence area (PASC) value for Niño3.4 was 14.03% and its average wavelet coherence (AWC) value was 0.79. By combining climate indexes, the average values of PASC and AWC can be significantly increased. The average PASC and AWC values of the five climate index combinations were the largest, 95.87% and 0.965, respectively, followed by four, three, and two index combinations. A single climate index is not sufficient to explain sea level change in North America. Sea level changes in North America require between three and five climate indexes to explain, depending on the region. By calculating PASC and AWC values, this study provides the possibility to understand the impact of the combined effects of multiple climate indexes on AMSL, is of great help to screen the best predictor of sea level, and provides a new method to reveal the complex mechanism of sea level change. HIGHLIGHTS Multiple wavelet coherence is first used to study the relationship between the annual mean sea level and multiple climate indexes.; We determine the optimal climate index combination for the annual mean sea level in North America.; We analyze the multiple time scales and dominant periods of the annual mean sea level in North America.;http://jwcc.iwaponline.com/content/13/9/3435annual mean sea levelcombined effectsmultiple wavelet coherencenorth americaoptimal climate index combinationwavelet coherence |
| spellingShingle | Chao Song Xiaohong Chen Multivariate analysis of multiscale periodicity in North American annual mean sea level based on wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence Journal of Water and Climate Change annual mean sea level combined effects multiple wavelet coherence north america optimal climate index combination wavelet coherence |
| title | Multivariate analysis of multiscale periodicity in North American annual mean sea level based on wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence |
| title_full | Multivariate analysis of multiscale periodicity in North American annual mean sea level based on wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence |
| title_fullStr | Multivariate analysis of multiscale periodicity in North American annual mean sea level based on wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multivariate analysis of multiscale periodicity in North American annual mean sea level based on wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence |
| title_short | Multivariate analysis of multiscale periodicity in North American annual mean sea level based on wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence |
| title_sort | multivariate analysis of multiscale periodicity in north american annual mean sea level based on wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence |
| topic | annual mean sea level combined effects multiple wavelet coherence north america optimal climate index combination wavelet coherence |
| url | http://jwcc.iwaponline.com/content/13/9/3435 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chaosong multivariateanalysisofmultiscaleperiodicityinnorthamericanannualmeansealevelbasedonwaveletcoherenceandmultiplewaveletcoherence AT xiaohongchen multivariateanalysisofmultiscaleperiodicityinnorthamericanannualmeansealevelbasedonwaveletcoherenceandmultiplewaveletcoherence |