Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity for Flexible Wall Conditions Using Rigid Wall Permeameter
The hydraulic conductivity is known as the soil properties that mostly vary over an order of magnitude. There are many laboratory test methods to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil. Each test has its own merits, drawbacks and limitations. One of these methods is the measurement using a...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/3/286 |
| _version_ | 1797484129443381248 |
|---|---|
| author | Abdullah A. Shaker Muawia Dafalla Ahmed M. Al-Mahbashi Mosleh A. Al-Shamrani |
| author_facet | Abdullah A. Shaker Muawia Dafalla Ahmed M. Al-Mahbashi Mosleh A. Al-Shamrani |
| author_sort | Abdullah A. Shaker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The hydraulic conductivity is known as the soil properties that mostly vary over an order of magnitude. There are many laboratory test methods to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil. Each test has its own merits, drawbacks and limitations. One of these methods is the measurement using a rigid wall permeameter (RWP), which is a common practice to obtain the fluid transmissibility characteristics of the soil matrix. This type of permeameter has the advantages of low cost, simplicity of test equipment, and adaptability to many different types of permeant liquids. Another method is the measurement through a flexible wall permeameter (FWP). The hydraulic conductivity measured using the FWP is conducted in a confined cylinder in which water flow is forced into one direction. The main disadvantage of this type is being relatively more expensive and needs more time to perform the test compared to the RWP. This study is aimed at comparing three testing conditions to obtain an adjustment factor for the hydraulic conductivity test normally carried out in practice in order to cut down the time needed to perform the test as well as its cost. Different mixtures of sand and expansive clay addition were considered to examine the effect of expansive clay content on the values of the hydraulic conductivity. Tests results revealed that the clay content had a significant effect on the swelling potential, which was attributed to structural changes in the mixtures. The hydraulic conductivity of mixtures decreases with the increase in clay content. The hydraulic conductivity of mixtures tested using FWP was observed to be lower than that of mixtures tested using RWP at similar clay contents. The tests conducted enabled establishing a correction factor to adjust the hydraulic conductivity normally obtained in practice using rigid wall cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:57:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5edf5af0b4ec411d8aa032c7fc02e64c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:57:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-5edf5af0b4ec411d8aa032c7fc02e64c2023-11-23T18:09:05ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-01-0114328610.3390/w14030286Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity for Flexible Wall Conditions Using Rigid Wall PermeameterAbdullah A. Shaker0Muawia Dafalla1Ahmed M. Al-Mahbashi2Mosleh A. Al-Shamrani3Bugshan Research Chair in Expansive Soils, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaBugshan Research Chair in Expansive Soils, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaBugshan Research Chair in Expansive Soils, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaBugshan Research Chair in Expansive Soils, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaThe hydraulic conductivity is known as the soil properties that mostly vary over an order of magnitude. There are many laboratory test methods to determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil. Each test has its own merits, drawbacks and limitations. One of these methods is the measurement using a rigid wall permeameter (RWP), which is a common practice to obtain the fluid transmissibility characteristics of the soil matrix. This type of permeameter has the advantages of low cost, simplicity of test equipment, and adaptability to many different types of permeant liquids. Another method is the measurement through a flexible wall permeameter (FWP). The hydraulic conductivity measured using the FWP is conducted in a confined cylinder in which water flow is forced into one direction. The main disadvantage of this type is being relatively more expensive and needs more time to perform the test compared to the RWP. This study is aimed at comparing three testing conditions to obtain an adjustment factor for the hydraulic conductivity test normally carried out in practice in order to cut down the time needed to perform the test as well as its cost. Different mixtures of sand and expansive clay addition were considered to examine the effect of expansive clay content on the values of the hydraulic conductivity. Tests results revealed that the clay content had a significant effect on the swelling potential, which was attributed to structural changes in the mixtures. The hydraulic conductivity of mixtures decreases with the increase in clay content. The hydraulic conductivity of mixtures tested using FWP was observed to be lower than that of mixtures tested using RWP at similar clay contents. The tests conducted enabled establishing a correction factor to adjust the hydraulic conductivity normally obtained in practice using rigid wall cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/3/286sandexpansive clayconsolidationhydraulic conductivityflexible wallrigid wall |
| spellingShingle | Abdullah A. Shaker Muawia Dafalla Ahmed M. Al-Mahbashi Mosleh A. Al-Shamrani Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity for Flexible Wall Conditions Using Rigid Wall Permeameter Water sand expansive clay consolidation hydraulic conductivity flexible wall rigid wall |
| title | Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity for Flexible Wall Conditions Using Rigid Wall Permeameter |
| title_full | Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity for Flexible Wall Conditions Using Rigid Wall Permeameter |
| title_fullStr | Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity for Flexible Wall Conditions Using Rigid Wall Permeameter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity for Flexible Wall Conditions Using Rigid Wall Permeameter |
| title_short | Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity for Flexible Wall Conditions Using Rigid Wall Permeameter |
| title_sort | predicting hydraulic conductivity for flexible wall conditions using rigid wall permeameter |
| topic | sand expansive clay consolidation hydraulic conductivity flexible wall rigid wall |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/3/286 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abdullahashaker predictinghydraulicconductivityforflexiblewallconditionsusingrigidwallpermeameter AT muawiadafalla predictinghydraulicconductivityforflexiblewallconditionsusingrigidwallpermeameter AT ahmedmalmahbashi predictinghydraulicconductivityforflexiblewallconditionsusingrigidwallpermeameter AT moslehaalshamrani predictinghydraulicconductivityforflexiblewallconditionsusingrigidwallpermeameter |