A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate food and feed and have a significant negative impact on human and animal health and productivity. The tropical condition in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) together with poor storage of feed promotes fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin produ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/4/222 |
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| author | David Chebutia Kemboi Gunther Antonissen Phillis E. Ochieng Siska Croubels Sheila Okoth Erastus K. Kangethe Johannes Faas Johanna F. Lindahl James K. Gathumbi |
| author_facet | David Chebutia Kemboi Gunther Antonissen Phillis E. Ochieng Siska Croubels Sheila Okoth Erastus K. Kangethe Johannes Faas Johanna F. Lindahl James K. Gathumbi |
| author_sort | David Chebutia Kemboi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate food and feed and have a significant negative impact on human and animal health and productivity. The tropical condition in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) together with poor storage of feed promotes fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin production. Aflatoxins (AF) produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> species, fumonisins (FUM), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 toxin (T-2), and deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by <i>Fusarium</i> species, and ochratoxin A (OTA) produced by <i>Penicillium</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> species are well-known mycotoxins of agricultural importance. Consumption of feed contaminated with these toxins may cause mycotoxicoses in animals, characterized by a range of clinical signs depending on the toxin, and losses in the animal industry. In SSA, contamination of dairy feed with mycotoxins has been frequently reported, which poses a serious constraint to animal health and productivity, and is also a hazard to human health since some mycotoxins and their metabolites are excreted in milk, especially aflatoxin M1. This review describes the major mycotoxins, their occurrence, and impact in dairy cattle diets in SSA highlighting the problems related to animal health, productivity, and food safety and the up-to-date post-harvest mitigation strategies for the prevention and reduction of contamination of dairy feed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:43:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ee30f86a4814a4c832ef7090951fefa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:43:50Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ee30f86a4814a4c832ef7090951fefa2023-11-19T20:27:31ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-04-0112422210.3390/toxins12040222A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan AfricaDavid Chebutia Kemboi0Gunther Antonissen1Phillis E. Ochieng2Siska Croubels3Sheila Okoth4Erastus K. Kangethe5Johannes Faas6Johanna F. Lindahl7James K. Gathumbi8Department of Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, 00100 Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, BelgiumSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 30197-00100 Nairobi, KenyaP.O Box 34405, 00100 Nairobi, KenyaBIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, AustriaDepartment of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Pathology, Parasitology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, PO Box 29053, 00100 Nairobi, KenyaMycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that contaminate food and feed and have a significant negative impact on human and animal health and productivity. The tropical condition in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) together with poor storage of feed promotes fungal growth and subsequent mycotoxin production. Aflatoxins (AF) produced by <i>Aspergillus</i> species, fumonisins (FUM), zearalenone (ZEN), T-2 toxin (T-2), and deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by <i>Fusarium</i> species, and ochratoxin A (OTA) produced by <i>Penicillium</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> species are well-known mycotoxins of agricultural importance. Consumption of feed contaminated with these toxins may cause mycotoxicoses in animals, characterized by a range of clinical signs depending on the toxin, and losses in the animal industry. In SSA, contamination of dairy feed with mycotoxins has been frequently reported, which poses a serious constraint to animal health and productivity, and is also a hazard to human health since some mycotoxins and their metabolites are excreted in milk, especially aflatoxin M1. This review describes the major mycotoxins, their occurrence, and impact in dairy cattle diets in SSA highlighting the problems related to animal health, productivity, and food safety and the up-to-date post-harvest mitigation strategies for the prevention and reduction of contamination of dairy feed.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/4/222mycotoxinsdairyaflatoxinSub-Saharan Africaaflatoxin M1 |
| spellingShingle | David Chebutia Kemboi Gunther Antonissen Phillis E. Ochieng Siska Croubels Sheila Okoth Erastus K. Kangethe Johannes Faas Johanna F. Lindahl James K. Gathumbi A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa Toxins mycotoxins dairy aflatoxin Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxin M1 |
| title | A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full | A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_fullStr | A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_short | A Review of the Impact of Mycotoxins on Dairy Cattle Health: Challenges for Food Safety and Dairy Production in Sub-Saharan Africa |
| title_sort | review of the impact of mycotoxins on dairy cattle health challenges for food safety and dairy production in sub saharan africa |
| topic | mycotoxins dairy aflatoxin Sub-Saharan Africa aflatoxin M1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/4/222 |
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