Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation
Abstract Shaping embryonic tissues into their functional morphologies requires cells to control the physical state of the tissue in space and time. While regional variations in cellular forces or cell proliferation have been typically assumed to be the main physical factors controlling tissue morpho...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87672-3 |
| _version_ | 1818401970978816000 |
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| author | Samhita P. Banavar Emmet K. Carn Payam Rowghanian Georgina Stooke-Vaughan Sangwoo Kim Otger Campàs |
| author_facet | Samhita P. Banavar Emmet K. Carn Payam Rowghanian Georgina Stooke-Vaughan Sangwoo Kim Otger Campàs |
| author_sort | Samhita P. Banavar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Shaping embryonic tissues into their functional morphologies requires cells to control the physical state of the tissue in space and time. While regional variations in cellular forces or cell proliferation have been typically assumed to be the main physical factors controlling tissue morphogenesis, recent experiments have revealed that spatial variations in the tissue physical (fluid/solid) state play a key role in shaping embryonic tissues. Here we theoretically study how the regional control of fluid and solid tissue states guides morphogenetic flows to shape the extending vertebrate body axis. Our results show that both the existence of a fluid-to-solid tissue transition along the anteroposterior axis and the tissue surface tension determine the shape of the tissue and its ability to elongate unidirectionally, with large tissue tensions preventing unidirectional elongation and promoting blob-like tissue expansions. We predict both the tissue morphogenetic flows and stresses that enable unidirectional axis elongation. Our results show the existence of a sharp transition in the structure of morphogenetic flows, from a flow with no vortices to a flow with two counter-rotating vortices, caused by a transition in the number and location of topological defects in the flow field. Finally, comparing the theoretical predictions to quantitative measurements of both tissue flows and shape during zebrafish body axis elongation, we show that the observed morphogenetic events can be explained by the existence of a fluid-to-solid tissue transition along the anteroposterior axis. These results highlight the role of spatiotemporally-controlled fluid-to-solid transitions in the tissue state as a physical mechanism of embryonic morphogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:00:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5eebb36daa444d34aa7da9b300373d7b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T08:00:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-5eebb36daa444d34aa7da9b300373d7b2022-12-21T23:10:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222021-04-0111111410.1038/s41598-021-87672-3Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongationSamhita P. Banavar0Emmet K. Carn1Payam Rowghanian2Georgina Stooke-Vaughan3Sangwoo Kim4Otger Campàs5Department of Physics, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of CaliforniaAbstract Shaping embryonic tissues into their functional morphologies requires cells to control the physical state of the tissue in space and time. While regional variations in cellular forces or cell proliferation have been typically assumed to be the main physical factors controlling tissue morphogenesis, recent experiments have revealed that spatial variations in the tissue physical (fluid/solid) state play a key role in shaping embryonic tissues. Here we theoretically study how the regional control of fluid and solid tissue states guides morphogenetic flows to shape the extending vertebrate body axis. Our results show that both the existence of a fluid-to-solid tissue transition along the anteroposterior axis and the tissue surface tension determine the shape of the tissue and its ability to elongate unidirectionally, with large tissue tensions preventing unidirectional elongation and promoting blob-like tissue expansions. We predict both the tissue morphogenetic flows and stresses that enable unidirectional axis elongation. Our results show the existence of a sharp transition in the structure of morphogenetic flows, from a flow with no vortices to a flow with two counter-rotating vortices, caused by a transition in the number and location of topological defects in the flow field. Finally, comparing the theoretical predictions to quantitative measurements of both tissue flows and shape during zebrafish body axis elongation, we show that the observed morphogenetic events can be explained by the existence of a fluid-to-solid tissue transition along the anteroposterior axis. These results highlight the role of spatiotemporally-controlled fluid-to-solid transitions in the tissue state as a physical mechanism of embryonic morphogenesis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87672-3 |
| spellingShingle | Samhita P. Banavar Emmet K. Carn Payam Rowghanian Georgina Stooke-Vaughan Sangwoo Kim Otger Campàs Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation Scientific Reports |
| title | Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation |
| title_full | Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation |
| title_short | Mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation |
| title_sort | mechanical control of tissue shape and morphogenetic flows during vertebrate body axis elongation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87672-3 |
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