The Evaluation of Asymmetry in Isokinetic and Electromyographic Activity (sEMG) of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Football Players after ACL Rupture Reconstruction and in the Athletes following Mild Lower-Limb Injuries
This study was aimed at evaluating knee stabilizer (quadriceps and hamstring) muscle strength and the medio-lateral symmetry of hamstring fatigue in football players after ACL reconstruction and with mild lower extremity injuries. The study comprised 65 professional football players who were divided...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/1144 |
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| author | Łukasz Oleksy Anna Mika Iwona Sulowska-Daszyk Renata Kielnar Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej Joanna Zyznawska Olga Adamska Artur Stolarczyk |
| author_facet | Łukasz Oleksy Anna Mika Iwona Sulowska-Daszyk Renata Kielnar Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej Joanna Zyznawska Olga Adamska Artur Stolarczyk |
| author_sort | Łukasz Oleksy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was aimed at evaluating knee stabilizer (quadriceps and hamstring) muscle strength and the medio-lateral symmetry of hamstring fatigue in football players after ACL reconstruction and with mild lower extremity injuries. The study comprised 65 professional football players who were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 24; 22.7 ± 3.6 years; 175 ± 4 cm; 77.3 ± 7.6 kg) after ACL reconstruction, Group 2 (n = 21; 20.5 ± 3.7 years; 177 ± 6 cm; 74.3 ± 9.1 kg) with mild lower-limb injuries (grade 1 muscle strains) and Group 3 (n = 20; 23.1 ± 2.8 years; 178 ± 6 cm; 75.8 ± 8.8 kg) without injuries in the past 3 years. The concentric isokinetic test (10 knee flexions and extensions at 60, 180 and 300°/s with a 30 s interval for rest) was performed on both limbs. Fatigue symmetry between the medial and lateral hamstrings was measured with sEMG during 60 s of isometric contractions. In comparison to the other groups, the injured leg demonstrated significantly lower values of peak torque for the quadriceps (G1–G2 = 48%, 38%, 14%; G1–G3 = 49%, 25%, 14%) and hamstring muscles (G1–G2 = 36%, 35%, 18%; G1–G3 = 64%, 28%, 17%) as well as lower values of hamstring muscle work (G1–G2 = 262 J, 157 J; G1–G3 = 219 J, 179 J) and power (G1–G2 = 34 W; 11 W; G1–G3 = 29 W, 12 W). No significant differences were noted in strength between Groups 2 and 3. The significantly higher fatigue of the BF compared to the SEM muscle was seen in Group 1 for the involved (mean difference = 0.12) and uninvolved limbs (mean difference = −0.10), but in Group 2, a non-significant trend towards asymmetry was also noted. No asymmetry in hamstring muscle fatigue was determined in Group 3. The results of our study allow us to indicate that active football players who previously met the RTS criteria, had deficits in lower-limb muscle performance 2–3 years after reconstruction, which could lead to ACL re-injury. This observation is potentially of importance because these deficits may not be subjectively reported by such athletes and also may not be visible in regular orthopedic and physiotherapeutic assessment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:37:55Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:37:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5eeca101707d46e083c32655d20fbef72023-11-16T17:12:23ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-02-01123114410.3390/jcm12031144The Evaluation of Asymmetry in Isokinetic and Electromyographic Activity (sEMG) of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Football Players after ACL Rupture Reconstruction and in the Athletes following Mild Lower-Limb InjuriesŁukasz Oleksy0Anna Mika1Iwona Sulowska-Daszyk2Renata Kielnar3Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej4Joanna Zyznawska5Olga Adamska6Artur Stolarczyk7Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow, 31-008 Krakow, PolandInstitute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571 Kraków, PolandInstitute of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Kraków, al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571 Kraków, PolandInstitute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, 35-315 Rzeszów, PolandDepartment of Rehabilitation, Medical University of Bialystok, 24A M. Skłodowskiej-Curie St, 15-276 Bialystok, PolandFaculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow, 31-008 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, PolandThis study was aimed at evaluating knee stabilizer (quadriceps and hamstring) muscle strength and the medio-lateral symmetry of hamstring fatigue in football players after ACL reconstruction and with mild lower extremity injuries. The study comprised 65 professional football players who were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 24; 22.7 ± 3.6 years; 175 ± 4 cm; 77.3 ± 7.6 kg) after ACL reconstruction, Group 2 (n = 21; 20.5 ± 3.7 years; 177 ± 6 cm; 74.3 ± 9.1 kg) with mild lower-limb injuries (grade 1 muscle strains) and Group 3 (n = 20; 23.1 ± 2.8 years; 178 ± 6 cm; 75.8 ± 8.8 kg) without injuries in the past 3 years. The concentric isokinetic test (10 knee flexions and extensions at 60, 180 and 300°/s with a 30 s interval for rest) was performed on both limbs. Fatigue symmetry between the medial and lateral hamstrings was measured with sEMG during 60 s of isometric contractions. In comparison to the other groups, the injured leg demonstrated significantly lower values of peak torque for the quadriceps (G1–G2 = 48%, 38%, 14%; G1–G3 = 49%, 25%, 14%) and hamstring muscles (G1–G2 = 36%, 35%, 18%; G1–G3 = 64%, 28%, 17%) as well as lower values of hamstring muscle work (G1–G2 = 262 J, 157 J; G1–G3 = 219 J, 179 J) and power (G1–G2 = 34 W; 11 W; G1–G3 = 29 W, 12 W). No significant differences were noted in strength between Groups 2 and 3. The significantly higher fatigue of the BF compared to the SEM muscle was seen in Group 1 for the involved (mean difference = 0.12) and uninvolved limbs (mean difference = −0.10), but in Group 2, a non-significant trend towards asymmetry was also noted. No asymmetry in hamstring muscle fatigue was determined in Group 3. The results of our study allow us to indicate that active football players who previously met the RTS criteria, had deficits in lower-limb muscle performance 2–3 years after reconstruction, which could lead to ACL re-injury. This observation is potentially of importance because these deficits may not be subjectively reported by such athletes and also may not be visible in regular orthopedic and physiotherapeutic assessment.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/1144isokineticsEMGmusclesymmetryfatigueACL |
| spellingShingle | Łukasz Oleksy Anna Mika Iwona Sulowska-Daszyk Renata Kielnar Zofia Dzięcioł-Anikiej Joanna Zyznawska Olga Adamska Artur Stolarczyk The Evaluation of Asymmetry in Isokinetic and Electromyographic Activity (sEMG) of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Football Players after ACL Rupture Reconstruction and in the Athletes following Mild Lower-Limb Injuries Journal of Clinical Medicine isokinetic sEMG muscle symmetry fatigue ACL |
| title | The Evaluation of Asymmetry in Isokinetic and Electromyographic Activity (sEMG) of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Football Players after ACL Rupture Reconstruction and in the Athletes following Mild Lower-Limb Injuries |
| title_full | The Evaluation of Asymmetry in Isokinetic and Electromyographic Activity (sEMG) of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Football Players after ACL Rupture Reconstruction and in the Athletes following Mild Lower-Limb Injuries |
| title_fullStr | The Evaluation of Asymmetry in Isokinetic and Electromyographic Activity (sEMG) of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Football Players after ACL Rupture Reconstruction and in the Athletes following Mild Lower-Limb Injuries |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Evaluation of Asymmetry in Isokinetic and Electromyographic Activity (sEMG) of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Football Players after ACL Rupture Reconstruction and in the Athletes following Mild Lower-Limb Injuries |
| title_short | The Evaluation of Asymmetry in Isokinetic and Electromyographic Activity (sEMG) of the Knee Flexor and Extensor Muscles in Football Players after ACL Rupture Reconstruction and in the Athletes following Mild Lower-Limb Injuries |
| title_sort | evaluation of asymmetry in isokinetic and electromyographic activity semg of the knee flexor and extensor muscles in football players after acl rupture reconstruction and in the athletes following mild lower limb injuries |
| topic | isokinetic sEMG muscle symmetry fatigue ACL |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/1144 |
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