Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2
OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 survivors can experience lingering symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that appear in different phenotypes, and its etiology remains elusive. We assessed the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with having COVID and PASC. METHODS: Data was collected...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Case Western Reserve University
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens and Immunity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.paijournal.com/index.php/paijournal/article/view/634 |
| _version_ | 1827576777887711232 |
|---|---|
| author | Sokratis Zisis Jared Durieux Christian Mouchati Nicholas Funderburg Kate Ailstock Mary Chong Danielle Labbato Grace McComsey |
| author_facet | Sokratis Zisis Jared Durieux Christian Mouchati Nicholas Funderburg Kate Ailstock Mary Chong Danielle Labbato Grace McComsey |
| author_sort | Sokratis Zisis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 survivors can experience lingering symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that appear in different phenotypes, and its etiology remains elusive. We assessed the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with having COVID and PASC.
METHODS: Data was collected from a prospectively enrolled cohort (n=379) of COVID-negative and COVID-positive participants with and without PASC. Primary outcomes, endothelial function (measured by reactive hyperemic index [RHI]), and arterial elasticity (measured by augmentation index standardized at 75 bpm [AI]), were measured using the FDA approved EndoPAT. Patient characteristics, labs, metabolic measures, markers of inflammation, and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were collected at each study visit, and PASC symptoms were categorized into 3 non-exclusive phenotypes: cardiopulmonary, neurocognitive, and general. COVID-negative controls were propensity score matched to COVID-negative-infected cases using the greedy nearest neighbor method.
RESULTS: There were 14.3% of participants who were fully recovered COVID positive and 28.5% who were COVID positive with PASC, averaging 8.64 ± 6.26 total number of symptoms. The mean RHI was similar across the cohort and having COVID or PASC was not associated with endothelial function (P=0.33). Age (P<0.0001), female sex (P<0.0001), and CRP P=0.04) were positively associated with arterial stiffness, and COVID positive PASC positive with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes had the worst arterial elasticity (highest AI). Values for AI (P=0.002) and ox-LDL (P<0.0001) were independently and positively associated with an increased likelihood of having PASC.
CONCLUSION: There is evidence of an independent association between PASC, ox-LDL, and arterial stiffness with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes having the worst arterial elasticity. Future studies should continue investigating the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PASC.
|
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:17:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5ef29a04fb1242849307e1425481c4a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2469-2964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:17:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Case Western Reserve University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens and Immunity |
| spelling | doaj.art-5ef29a04fb1242849307e1425481c4a92023-12-21T15:16:52ZengCase Western Reserve UniversityPathogens and Immunity2469-29642023-12-018210.20411/pai.v8i2.634Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2Sokratis Zisis0Jared Durieux1Christian Mouchati2Nicholas Funderburg3Kate Ailstock4Mary Chong5Danielle Labbato6Grace McComsey7School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OhioClinical Research Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OhioSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OhioSchool of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OhioSchool of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OhioSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OhioClinical Research Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OhioSchool of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University; Clinical Research Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 survivors can experience lingering symptoms known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) that appear in different phenotypes, and its etiology remains elusive. We assessed the relationship of endothelial dysfunction with having COVID and PASC. METHODS: Data was collected from a prospectively enrolled cohort (n=379) of COVID-negative and COVID-positive participants with and without PASC. Primary outcomes, endothelial function (measured by reactive hyperemic index [RHI]), and arterial elasticity (measured by augmentation index standardized at 75 bpm [AI]), were measured using the FDA approved EndoPAT. Patient characteristics, labs, metabolic measures, markers of inflammation, and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were collected at each study visit, and PASC symptoms were categorized into 3 non-exclusive phenotypes: cardiopulmonary, neurocognitive, and general. COVID-negative controls were propensity score matched to COVID-negative-infected cases using the greedy nearest neighbor method. RESULTS: There were 14.3% of participants who were fully recovered COVID positive and 28.5% who were COVID positive with PASC, averaging 8.64 ± 6.26 total number of symptoms. The mean RHI was similar across the cohort and having COVID or PASC was not associated with endothelial function (P=0.33). Age (P<0.0001), female sex (P<0.0001), and CRP P=0.04) were positively associated with arterial stiffness, and COVID positive PASC positive with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes had the worst arterial elasticity (highest AI). Values for AI (P=0.002) and ox-LDL (P<0.0001) were independently and positively associated with an increased likelihood of having PASC. CONCLUSION: There is evidence of an independent association between PASC, ox-LDL, and arterial stiffness with neurological and/or cardiopulmonary phenotypes having the worst arterial elasticity. Future studies should continue investigating the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PASC. https://www.paijournal.com/index.php/paijournal/article/view/634COVIDPASCLong COVIDArterial stiffnessEndothelial functionCardiovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Sokratis Zisis Jared Durieux Christian Mouchati Nicholas Funderburg Kate Ailstock Mary Chong Danielle Labbato Grace McComsey Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 Pathogens and Immunity COVID PASC Long COVID Arterial stiffness Endothelial function Cardiovascular disease |
| title | Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full | Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_fullStr | Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_short | Arterial Stiffness and Oxidized LDL Independently Associated With Post-Acute Sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 |
| title_sort | arterial stiffness and oxidized ldl independently associated with post acute sequalae of sars cov 2 |
| topic | COVID PASC Long COVID Arterial stiffness Endothelial function Cardiovascular disease |
| url | https://www.paijournal.com/index.php/paijournal/article/view/634 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sokratiszisis arterialstiffnessandoxidizedldlindependentlyassociatedwithpostacutesequalaeofsarscov2 AT jareddurieux arterialstiffnessandoxidizedldlindependentlyassociatedwithpostacutesequalaeofsarscov2 AT christianmouchati arterialstiffnessandoxidizedldlindependentlyassociatedwithpostacutesequalaeofsarscov2 AT nicholasfunderburg arterialstiffnessandoxidizedldlindependentlyassociatedwithpostacutesequalaeofsarscov2 AT kateailstock arterialstiffnessandoxidizedldlindependentlyassociatedwithpostacutesequalaeofsarscov2 AT marychong arterialstiffnessandoxidizedldlindependentlyassociatedwithpostacutesequalaeofsarscov2 AT daniellelabbato arterialstiffnessandoxidizedldlindependentlyassociatedwithpostacutesequalaeofsarscov2 AT gracemccomsey arterialstiffnessandoxidizedldlindependentlyassociatedwithpostacutesequalaeofsarscov2 |