Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Two <i>Jatropha</i> Species: Different Parts and Different Extraction Methods
<i>Jatropha</i> L. species, in particular, <i>J. curcas</i> and <i>J. gossypiifolia</i>, are well known medicinal plants used for treating various diseases. In the present study, leaf and stem bark extracts of <i>J. curcas</i> and <i>J. gossypiif...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/792 |
| _version_ | 1797533814418833408 |
|---|---|
| author | Gokhan Zengin Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan Gunes Ak Ouattara Katinan Etienne Jugreet B. Sharmeen Luigi Brunetti Sheila Leone Simonetta Cristina Di Simone Lucia Recinella Annalisa Chiavaroli Luigi Menghini Giustino Orlando József Jekő Zoltán Cziáky Claudio Ferrante |
| author_facet | Gokhan Zengin Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan Gunes Ak Ouattara Katinan Etienne Jugreet B. Sharmeen Luigi Brunetti Sheila Leone Simonetta Cristina Di Simone Lucia Recinella Annalisa Chiavaroli Luigi Menghini Giustino Orlando József Jekő Zoltán Cziáky Claudio Ferrante |
| author_sort | Gokhan Zengin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Jatropha</i> L. species, in particular, <i>J. curcas</i> and <i>J. gossypiifolia</i>, are well known medicinal plants used for treating various diseases. In the present study, leaf and stem bark extracts of <i>J. curcas</i> and <i>J. gossypiifolia</i> obtained by maceration or homogenizer assisted extraction, were investigated for their phytochemical contents and biological potential as antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors and neuromodulators. In this regard, the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was investigated in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells. Finally, a bioinformatics analysis was carried out with the aim to unravel the putative mechanisms consistent with both metabolomic fingerprints and pharmacological effects. The leaf extracts of <i>J. curcas</i> showed higher total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) than the stem bark extracts (range: 5.79–48.95 mg GAE/g and 1.64–13.99 mg RE/g, respectively), while <i>J. gossypiifolia</i> possessed TPC and TFC in the range of 42.62–62.83 mg GAE/g and 6.97–17.63 mg RE/g, respectively. HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the leaf extracts of both species obtained by homogenizer assisted extraction are richer in phytochemical compounds compared to the stem bark extracts obtained by the same extraction method. In vitro antioxidant potentials were also demonstrated in different assays (DPPH: 6.89–193.93 mg TE/g, ABTS: 20.20–255.39 mg TE/g, CUPRAC: 21.07–333.30 mg TE/g, FRAP: 14.02–168.93 mg TE/g, metal chelating activity: 3.21–17.51 mg EDTAE/g and phosphomolybdenum assay: 1.76–3.55 mmol TE/g). In particular, the leaf extract of <i>J. curcas</i> and the stem bark extract of <i>J. gossypiifolia</i>, both obtained by homogenizer assisted extraction, showed the most potent antioxidant capacity in terms of free radical scavenging and reducing activity, which could be related to their higher TPC and TFC. Furthermore, anti-neurodegenerative (acetylcholinesterase inhibition: 1.12–2.36 mg GALAE/g; butyrylcholinetserase inhibition: 0.50–3.68 mg GALAE/g), anti-hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase inhibition: 38.14–57.59 mg KAE/g) and antidiabetic (amylase inhibition: 0.28–0.62 mmol ACAE/g; glucosidase inhibition: 0.65–0.81 mmol ACAE/g) properties were displayed differentially by the different extracts. Additionally, the extracts were effective in reducing the gene expression of both TNFα and BDNF, which could be partially mediated by phenolic compounds such as naringenin, apigenin and quercetin. Indeed, the scientific data obtained from the present study complement the several other reports highlighting the pharmacological potentials of these two species, thus supporting their uses as therapeutically active plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:20:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f032b6f26eb42d1af2ed942b02411c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:20:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f032b6f26eb42d1af2ed942b02411c42023-11-21T20:04:10ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-05-0110579210.3390/antiox10050792Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Two <i>Jatropha</i> Species: Different Parts and Different Extraction MethodsGokhan Zengin0Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally1Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan2Gunes Ak3Ouattara Katinan Etienne4Jugreet B. Sharmeen5Luigi Brunetti6Sheila Leone7Simonetta Cristina Di Simone8Lucia Recinella9Annalisa Chiavaroli10Luigi Menghini11Giustino Orlando12József Jekő13Zoltán Cziáky14Claudio Ferrante15Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University Campus, 42130 Konya, TurkeyDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 230, MauritiusPhysiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University Campus, 42130 Konya, TurkeyPhysiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University Campus, 42130 Konya, TurkeyLaboratoire de Botanique, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 00225, Côte d’IvoireDepartment of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 230, MauritiusDepartment of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, ItalyAgricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, HungaryAgricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4400 Nyíregyháza, HungaryDepartment of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plant Unit (MPU), Botanic Garden “Giardino dei Semplici”, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy<i>Jatropha</i> L. species, in particular, <i>J. curcas</i> and <i>J. gossypiifolia</i>, are well known medicinal plants used for treating various diseases. In the present study, leaf and stem bark extracts of <i>J. curcas</i> and <i>J. gossypiifolia</i> obtained by maceration or homogenizer assisted extraction, were investigated for their phytochemical contents and biological potential as antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors and neuromodulators. In this regard, the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was investigated in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells. Finally, a bioinformatics analysis was carried out with the aim to unravel the putative mechanisms consistent with both metabolomic fingerprints and pharmacological effects. The leaf extracts of <i>J. curcas</i> showed higher total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) than the stem bark extracts (range: 5.79–48.95 mg GAE/g and 1.64–13.99 mg RE/g, respectively), while <i>J. gossypiifolia</i> possessed TPC and TFC in the range of 42.62–62.83 mg GAE/g and 6.97–17.63 mg RE/g, respectively. HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the leaf extracts of both species obtained by homogenizer assisted extraction are richer in phytochemical compounds compared to the stem bark extracts obtained by the same extraction method. In vitro antioxidant potentials were also demonstrated in different assays (DPPH: 6.89–193.93 mg TE/g, ABTS: 20.20–255.39 mg TE/g, CUPRAC: 21.07–333.30 mg TE/g, FRAP: 14.02–168.93 mg TE/g, metal chelating activity: 3.21–17.51 mg EDTAE/g and phosphomolybdenum assay: 1.76–3.55 mmol TE/g). In particular, the leaf extract of <i>J. curcas</i> and the stem bark extract of <i>J. gossypiifolia</i>, both obtained by homogenizer assisted extraction, showed the most potent antioxidant capacity in terms of free radical scavenging and reducing activity, which could be related to their higher TPC and TFC. Furthermore, anti-neurodegenerative (acetylcholinesterase inhibition: 1.12–2.36 mg GALAE/g; butyrylcholinetserase inhibition: 0.50–3.68 mg GALAE/g), anti-hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase inhibition: 38.14–57.59 mg KAE/g) and antidiabetic (amylase inhibition: 0.28–0.62 mmol ACAE/g; glucosidase inhibition: 0.65–0.81 mmol ACAE/g) properties were displayed differentially by the different extracts. Additionally, the extracts were effective in reducing the gene expression of both TNFα and BDNF, which could be partially mediated by phenolic compounds such as naringenin, apigenin and quercetin. Indeed, the scientific data obtained from the present study complement the several other reports highlighting the pharmacological potentials of these two species, thus supporting their uses as therapeutically active plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/792<i>Jatropha</i> speciesHPLC-MS/MSphytochemicalsantioxidantenzyme inhibitorsbioinformatics |
| spellingShingle | Gokhan Zengin Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan Gunes Ak Ouattara Katinan Etienne Jugreet B. Sharmeen Luigi Brunetti Sheila Leone Simonetta Cristina Di Simone Lucia Recinella Annalisa Chiavaroli Luigi Menghini Giustino Orlando József Jekő Zoltán Cziáky Claudio Ferrante Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Two <i>Jatropha</i> Species: Different Parts and Different Extraction Methods Antioxidants <i>Jatropha</i> species HPLC-MS/MS phytochemicals antioxidant enzyme inhibitors bioinformatics |
| title | Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Two <i>Jatropha</i> Species: Different Parts and Different Extraction Methods |
| title_full | Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Two <i>Jatropha</i> Species: Different Parts and Different Extraction Methods |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Two <i>Jatropha</i> Species: Different Parts and Different Extraction Methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Two <i>Jatropha</i> Species: Different Parts and Different Extraction Methods |
| title_short | Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Two <i>Jatropha</i> Species: Different Parts and Different Extraction Methods |
| title_sort | chemical composition and biological properties of two i jatropha i species different parts and different extraction methods |
| topic | <i>Jatropha</i> species HPLC-MS/MS phytochemicals antioxidant enzyme inhibitors bioinformatics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/5/792 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gokhanzengin chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT mohamadfawzimahomoodally chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT kouadioibrahimesinan chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT gunesak chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT ouattarakatinanetienne chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT jugreetbsharmeen chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT luigibrunetti chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT sheilaleone chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT simonettacristinadisimone chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT luciarecinella chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT annalisachiavaroli chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT luigimenghini chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT giustinoorlando chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT jozsefjeko chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT zoltancziaky chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods AT claudioferrante chemicalcompositionandbiologicalpropertiesoftwoijatrophaispeciesdifferentpartsanddifferentextractionmethods |