Prevalence and Molecular Identification of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> among Children in Lusaka and Siavonga Districts, Zambia
Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern in Zambia. Urinary schistosomiasis caused by <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> is the most widely distributed infection. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis and identify the...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/9/239 |
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| author | Rabecca Tembo Walter Muleya John Yabe Henson Kainga King S. Nalubamba Mildred Zulu Florence Mwaba Shereen Ahmed Saad Moses Kamwela Andrew N. Mukubesa Ngula Monde Simegnew Adugna Kallu Natalia Mbewe Andrew M. Phiri |
| author_facet | Rabecca Tembo Walter Muleya John Yabe Henson Kainga King S. Nalubamba Mildred Zulu Florence Mwaba Shereen Ahmed Saad Moses Kamwela Andrew N. Mukubesa Ngula Monde Simegnew Adugna Kallu Natalia Mbewe Andrew M. Phiri |
| author_sort | Rabecca Tembo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern in Zambia. Urinary schistosomiasis caused by <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> is the most widely distributed infection. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis and identify the strain of <i>S. haematobium</i> among children in the Siavonga and Lusaka districts in Zambia. Urine samples were collected from 421 primary school children and <i>S. haematobium</i> eggs were examined under light microscopy. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-demographic characteristics and the potential risk factors for urinary schistosomiasis. DNA of the parasite eggs was extracted from urine samples and the internal transcribed spacer gene was amplified, sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. The overall prevalence of <i>S. haematobium</i> was 9.7% (41/421) (95% CI: 7.16–13.08), male participants made up 6.2% (26/232) (95% CI: 4.15–9.03), having a higher burden of disease than female participants who made up 3.5% (15/421) (95% CI: 2.01–5.94). The age group of 11–15 years had the highest overall prevalence of 8.3% (35/421) (5.94–11.48). Participants that did not go fishing were 0.008 times less likely to be positive for schistosomiasis while participants whose urine was blood-tinged or cloudy on physical examination and those that lived close to water bodies were 9.98 and 11.66 times more likely to test positive for schistosomiasis, respectively. A phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that <i>S. haematobium</i> isolates were closely related to pure <i>S. haematobium</i> from Zimbabwe and hybrids of <i>S. haematobium</i> × <i>S. bovis</i> from Benin, Senegal and Malawi. The current study shows that urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in the study areas and is associated with water contact, and <i>S. haematobium</i> isolated is closely related to hybrids of <i>S. bovis</i> × <i>S. haematobium</i> strain, indicating the zoonotic potential of this parasite. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:10Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:19:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f214a7511324d2baddb1d5c2447f91a2023-11-23T19:18:13ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662022-09-017923910.3390/tropicalmed7090239Prevalence and Molecular Identification of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> among Children in Lusaka and Siavonga Districts, ZambiaRabecca Tembo0Walter Muleya1John Yabe2Henson Kainga3King S. Nalubamba4Mildred Zulu5Florence Mwaba6Shereen Ahmed Saad7Moses Kamwela8Andrew N. Mukubesa9Ngula Monde10Simegnew Adugna Kallu11Natalia Mbewe12Andrew M. Phiri13Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, ZambiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Para Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe 207203, MalawiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, ZambiaDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, ZambiaAfrica Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka P.O. Box 31909, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, Zambia Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola P.O. Box 71769, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, Zambia Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, Zambia Animals, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, ZambiaSchistosomiasis remains a public health concern in Zambia. Urinary schistosomiasis caused by <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> is the most widely distributed infection. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis and identify the strain of <i>S. haematobium</i> among children in the Siavonga and Lusaka districts in Zambia. Urine samples were collected from 421 primary school children and <i>S. haematobium</i> eggs were examined under light microscopy. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-demographic characteristics and the potential risk factors for urinary schistosomiasis. DNA of the parasite eggs was extracted from urine samples and the internal transcribed spacer gene was amplified, sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. The overall prevalence of <i>S. haematobium</i> was 9.7% (41/421) (95% CI: 7.16–13.08), male participants made up 6.2% (26/232) (95% CI: 4.15–9.03), having a higher burden of disease than female participants who made up 3.5% (15/421) (95% CI: 2.01–5.94). The age group of 11–15 years had the highest overall prevalence of 8.3% (35/421) (5.94–11.48). Participants that did not go fishing were 0.008 times less likely to be positive for schistosomiasis while participants whose urine was blood-tinged or cloudy on physical examination and those that lived close to water bodies were 9.98 and 11.66 times more likely to test positive for schistosomiasis, respectively. A phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that <i>S. haematobium</i> isolates were closely related to pure <i>S. haematobium</i> from Zimbabwe and hybrids of <i>S. haematobium</i> × <i>S. bovis</i> from Benin, Senegal and Malawi. The current study shows that urinary schistosomiasis is endemic in the study areas and is associated with water contact, and <i>S. haematobium</i> isolated is closely related to hybrids of <i>S. bovis</i> × <i>S. haematobium</i> strain, indicating the zoonotic potential of this parasite.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/9/239<i>Schistosoma</i>schistosomiasisurinary schistosomiasis<i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> |
| spellingShingle | Rabecca Tembo Walter Muleya John Yabe Henson Kainga King S. Nalubamba Mildred Zulu Florence Mwaba Shereen Ahmed Saad Moses Kamwela Andrew N. Mukubesa Ngula Monde Simegnew Adugna Kallu Natalia Mbewe Andrew M. Phiri Prevalence and Molecular Identification of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> among Children in Lusaka and Siavonga Districts, Zambia Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease <i>Schistosoma</i> schistosomiasis urinary schistosomiasis <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> |
| title | Prevalence and Molecular Identification of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> among Children in Lusaka and Siavonga Districts, Zambia |
| title_full | Prevalence and Molecular Identification of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> among Children in Lusaka and Siavonga Districts, Zambia |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Molecular Identification of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> among Children in Lusaka and Siavonga Districts, Zambia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Molecular Identification of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> among Children in Lusaka and Siavonga Districts, Zambia |
| title_short | Prevalence and Molecular Identification of <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> among Children in Lusaka and Siavonga Districts, Zambia |
| title_sort | prevalence and molecular identification of i schistosoma haematobium i among children in lusaka and siavonga districts zambia |
| topic | <i>Schistosoma</i> schistosomiasis urinary schistosomiasis <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/9/239 |
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