Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Radiation Dose Optimization in Screen-Film and Digital X-ray Mammography
We determined the average glandular dose (AGD) from the craniocaudally (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of 496 breasts (247 women) at eight clinics in Sudan. The incident air kerma from the X-ray tube output values and the typical patient-specific breast exposure factors were measured. The...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| author | Ibrahim I. Suliman Sawsan Mohamed Alaa Mahadi Einas Bashier Atifa Farah Nada Hassan Moez A. Ibrahem Mohammed Khalil Mohammed Ali Nada A. Ahmed |
| author_facet | Ibrahim I. Suliman Sawsan Mohamed Alaa Mahadi Einas Bashier Atifa Farah Nada Hassan Moez A. Ibrahem Mohammed Khalil Mohammed Ali Nada A. Ahmed |
| author_sort | Ibrahim I. Suliman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We determined the average glandular dose (AGD) from the craniocaudally (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of 496 breasts (247 women) at eight clinics in Sudan. The incident air kerma from the X-ray tube output values and the typical patient-specific breast exposure factors were measured. The AGD values were inferred from the measured incident air kerma and breast-specific dose-conversion coefficients. The AGD per CC and MLO projection and per woman ranged from 0.56 to 2.89 mGy (average: 1.36), 0.48 to 2.08 mGy (average: 1.19), and 2.08 to 9.94 mGy (average: 5.10). The proposed national diagnostic reference levels (mGy) for digital mammography are 1.8 and 1.6 mGy for CC and MLO projection, respectively. Establishing the proposed diagnostic reference levels is an essential step in ensuring patient protection from radiation and will help promote dose optimization for X-ray mammography at the national level and beyond. These results provide important baseline data that can be used to formulate national diagnostic reference levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:33:34Z |
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| id | doaj.art-5f2419696d8a4c8293b474a1d97778b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:33:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f2419696d8a4c8293b474a1d97778b72023-11-10T14:59:07ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-10-0113211190110.3390/app132111901Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Radiation Dose Optimization in Screen-Film and Digital X-ray MammographyIbrahim I. Suliman0Sawsan Mohamed1Alaa Mahadi2Einas Bashier3Atifa Farah4Nada Hassan5Moez A. Ibrahem6Mohammed Khalil Mohammed Ali7Nada A. Ahmed8Deanship of Scientific Research, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi ArabiaNuclear and Radiation Safety Institute, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Khartoum P.O. Box 3001, SudanNuclear and Radiation Safety Institute, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Khartoum P.O. Box 3001, SudanNuclear and Radiation Safety Institute, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Khartoum P.O. Box 3001, SudanNuclear and Radiation Safety Institute, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Khartoum P.O. Box 3001, SudanNuclear and Radiation Safety Institute, Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Khartoum P.O. Box 3001, SudanDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Taibah University, Madina Munawara 30001, Saudi ArabiaWe determined the average glandular dose (AGD) from the craniocaudally (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of 496 breasts (247 women) at eight clinics in Sudan. The incident air kerma from the X-ray tube output values and the typical patient-specific breast exposure factors were measured. The AGD values were inferred from the measured incident air kerma and breast-specific dose-conversion coefficients. The AGD per CC and MLO projection and per woman ranged from 0.56 to 2.89 mGy (average: 1.36), 0.48 to 2.08 mGy (average: 1.19), and 2.08 to 9.94 mGy (average: 5.10). The proposed national diagnostic reference levels (mGy) for digital mammography are 1.8 and 1.6 mGy for CC and MLO projection, respectively. Establishing the proposed diagnostic reference levels is an essential step in ensuring patient protection from radiation and will help promote dose optimization for X-ray mammography at the national level and beyond. These results provide important baseline data that can be used to formulate national diagnostic reference levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/21/11901X-ray mammographyradiation doseincident air kermadiagnostic reference levels (DRLs)compressed breast thickness (CBT)radiation protection |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim I. Suliman Sawsan Mohamed Alaa Mahadi Einas Bashier Atifa Farah Nada Hassan Moez A. Ibrahem Mohammed Khalil Mohammed Ali Nada A. Ahmed Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Radiation Dose Optimization in Screen-Film and Digital X-ray Mammography Applied Sciences X-ray mammography radiation dose incident air kerma diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) compressed breast thickness (CBT) radiation protection |
| title | Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Radiation Dose Optimization in Screen-Film and Digital X-ray Mammography |
| title_full | Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Radiation Dose Optimization in Screen-Film and Digital X-ray Mammography |
| title_fullStr | Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Radiation Dose Optimization in Screen-Film and Digital X-ray Mammography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Radiation Dose Optimization in Screen-Film and Digital X-ray Mammography |
| title_short | Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Radiation Dose Optimization in Screen-Film and Digital X-ray Mammography |
| title_sort | average glandular dose agd and radiation dose optimization in screen film and digital x ray mammography |
| topic | X-ray mammography radiation dose incident air kerma diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) compressed breast thickness (CBT) radiation protection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/21/11901 |
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