Saporin-S6: A Useful Tool in Cancer Therapy
Thirty years ago, the type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) saporin-S6 (also known as saporin) was isolated from Saponaria officinalis L. seeds. Since then, the properties and mechanisms of action of saporin-S6 have been well characterized, and it has been widely employed in the construction of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2013-10-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/10/1698 |
| _version_ | 1811187384450023424 |
|---|---|
| author | Letizia Polito Massimo Bortolotti Daniele Mercatelli Maria Giulia Battelli Andrea Bolognesi |
| author_facet | Letizia Polito Massimo Bortolotti Daniele Mercatelli Maria Giulia Battelli Andrea Bolognesi |
| author_sort | Letizia Polito |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thirty years ago, the type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) saporin-S6 (also known as saporin) was isolated from Saponaria officinalis L. seeds. Since then, the properties and mechanisms of action of saporin-S6 have been well characterized, and it has been widely employed in the construction of conjugates and immunotoxins for different purposes. These immunotoxins have shown many interesting results when used in cancer therapy, particularly in hematological tumors. The high enzymatic activity, stability and resistance to conjugation procedures and blood proteases make saporin-S6 a very useful tool in cancer therapy. High efficacy has been reported in clinical trials with saporin-S6-containing immunotoxins, at dosages that induced only mild and transient side effects, which were mainly fever, myalgias, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia and vascular leak syndrome. Moreover, saporin-S6 triggers multiple cell death pathways, rendering impossible the selection of RIP-resistant mutants. In this review, some aspects of saporin-S6, such as the chemico-physical characteristics, the structural properties, its endocytosis, its intracellular routing and the pathogenetic mechanisms of the cell damage, are reported. In addition, the recent progress and developments of saporin-S6-containing immunotoxins in cancer immunotherapy are summarized, including in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:02:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f253a6cdddd4b479a511f2b03b01608 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:02:32Z |
| publishDate | 2013-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f253a6cdddd4b479a511f2b03b016082022-12-22T04:20:03ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512013-10-015101698172210.3390/toxins5101698Saporin-S6: A Useful Tool in Cancer TherapyLetizia PolitoMassimo BortolottiDaniele MercatelliMaria Giulia BattelliAndrea BolognesiThirty years ago, the type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) saporin-S6 (also known as saporin) was isolated from Saponaria officinalis L. seeds. Since then, the properties and mechanisms of action of saporin-S6 have been well characterized, and it has been widely employed in the construction of conjugates and immunotoxins for different purposes. These immunotoxins have shown many interesting results when used in cancer therapy, particularly in hematological tumors. The high enzymatic activity, stability and resistance to conjugation procedures and blood proteases make saporin-S6 a very useful tool in cancer therapy. High efficacy has been reported in clinical trials with saporin-S6-containing immunotoxins, at dosages that induced only mild and transient side effects, which were mainly fever, myalgias, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia and vascular leak syndrome. Moreover, saporin-S6 triggers multiple cell death pathways, rendering impossible the selection of RIP-resistant mutants. In this review, some aspects of saporin-S6, such as the chemico-physical characteristics, the structural properties, its endocytosis, its intracellular routing and the pathogenetic mechanisms of the cell damage, are reported. In addition, the recent progress and developments of saporin-S6-containing immunotoxins in cancer immunotherapy are summarized, including in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies and clinical trials.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/10/1698saporin-S6saporinSaponaria officinalisimmunotoxinimmunotherapyribosome-inactivating proteinsmonoclonal antibodiesrRNA N-glycosylase activityanti-cancer therapyhematological tumors |
| spellingShingle | Letizia Polito Massimo Bortolotti Daniele Mercatelli Maria Giulia Battelli Andrea Bolognesi Saporin-S6: A Useful Tool in Cancer Therapy Toxins saporin-S6 saporin Saponaria officinalis immunotoxin immunotherapy ribosome-inactivating proteins monoclonal antibodies rRNA N-glycosylase activity anti-cancer therapy hematological tumors |
| title | Saporin-S6: A Useful Tool in Cancer Therapy |
| title_full | Saporin-S6: A Useful Tool in Cancer Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Saporin-S6: A Useful Tool in Cancer Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Saporin-S6: A Useful Tool in Cancer Therapy |
| title_short | Saporin-S6: A Useful Tool in Cancer Therapy |
| title_sort | saporin s6 a useful tool in cancer therapy |
| topic | saporin-S6 saporin Saponaria officinalis immunotoxin immunotherapy ribosome-inactivating proteins monoclonal antibodies rRNA N-glycosylase activity anti-cancer therapy hematological tumors |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/10/1698 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT letiziapolito saporins6ausefultoolincancertherapy AT massimobortolotti saporins6ausefultoolincancertherapy AT danielemercatelli saporins6ausefultoolincancertherapy AT mariagiuliabattelli saporins6ausefultoolincancertherapy AT andreabolognesi saporins6ausefultoolincancertherapy |