Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy
Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a leading cause of blindness and visual disability in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Ophthalmology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-022-02550-4 |
| _version_ | 1817986890745249792 |
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| author | Nurbadriah binti Jasmiad Rohana binti Abd Ghani Renu Agarwal Zaliha binti Ismail Azlindarita Aisyah Mohd Abdullah Mohd Yusri Idorus |
| author_facet | Nurbadriah binti Jasmiad Rohana binti Abd Ghani Renu Agarwal Zaliha binti Ismail Azlindarita Aisyah Mohd Abdullah Mohd Yusri Idorus |
| author_sort | Nurbadriah binti Jasmiad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a leading cause of blindness and visual disability in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tears and serum of patients with DR and those without DR. Method Among the T2DM patients enrolled in this study, 26 patients had DR (n = 26) while 29 were without DR (n = 29). The blood and tear samples were obtained from all participants. The level of PAI-1 and tPA were measured in both the serum and tears. Anthropometric measurements, HbA1c, renal and lipid profile were also obtained. Results Patients with DR had significantly longer disease duration and higher systolic blood pressure compared to those without DR. Serum PAI-1 level was significantly higher in patients with DR compared to those without DR, 32.72 (IQR 32.52) vs 21.37 (IQR 14.93) ng/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). However, tear PAI-1 were comparable in both groups. Serum and tear tPA levels in both groups were also comparable (p > 0.05). Among patients with DR, there were no significant correlations between tear and serum of both biomarkers. Patients without DR showed a moderate positive correlation between serum and tear tPA levels with a coefficient of 0.363, albeit no statistical significance. Patients with DR demonstrated a significant positive correlation between levels of tears PAI-1 and BMI (r = 0.555, p = 0.026). In the group without DR, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum level of PAI-1 with urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) (r = 0.501, p = 0.013). Conclusion The present study demonstrated a significantly greater serum PAI-1 levels in patients with DR compared to those without DR. No significant correlations between tears and serum PAI-1 and tPA were observed. Thus, the role of tear biomarkers remains relevant for further investigations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:15:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f2a932162f745f98087d93400d44dd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2415 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T00:15:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f2a932162f745f98087d93400d44dd02022-12-22T02:23:09ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152022-09-012211810.1186/s12886-022-02550-4Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathyNurbadriah binti Jasmiad0Rohana binti Abd Ghani1Renu Agarwal2Zaliha binti Ismail3Azlindarita Aisyah Mohd Abdullah4Mohd Yusri Idorus5Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, International Medical UniversityDepartment of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknology MARA (UiTM)MSU Medical CentreInstitute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a leading cause of blindness and visual disability in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tears and serum of patients with DR and those without DR. Method Among the T2DM patients enrolled in this study, 26 patients had DR (n = 26) while 29 were without DR (n = 29). The blood and tear samples were obtained from all participants. The level of PAI-1 and tPA were measured in both the serum and tears. Anthropometric measurements, HbA1c, renal and lipid profile were also obtained. Results Patients with DR had significantly longer disease duration and higher systolic blood pressure compared to those without DR. Serum PAI-1 level was significantly higher in patients with DR compared to those without DR, 32.72 (IQR 32.52) vs 21.37 (IQR 14.93) ng/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). However, tear PAI-1 were comparable in both groups. Serum and tear tPA levels in both groups were also comparable (p > 0.05). Among patients with DR, there were no significant correlations between tear and serum of both biomarkers. Patients without DR showed a moderate positive correlation between serum and tear tPA levels with a coefficient of 0.363, albeit no statistical significance. Patients with DR demonstrated a significant positive correlation between levels of tears PAI-1 and BMI (r = 0.555, p = 0.026). In the group without DR, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum level of PAI-1 with urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) (r = 0.501, p = 0.013). Conclusion The present study demonstrated a significantly greater serum PAI-1 levels in patients with DR compared to those without DR. No significant correlations between tears and serum PAI-1 and tPA were observed. Thus, the role of tear biomarkers remains relevant for further investigations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-022-02550-4Type 2 diabetes mellitusDiabetic retinopathyTissue plasminogen activator (tPA)Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) |
| spellingShingle | Nurbadriah binti Jasmiad Rohana binti Abd Ghani Renu Agarwal Zaliha binti Ismail Azlindarita Aisyah Mohd Abdullah Mohd Yusri Idorus Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy BMC Ophthalmology Type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetic retinopathy Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) |
| title | Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy |
| title_full | Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy |
| title_fullStr | Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy |
| title_short | Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy |
| title_sort | relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in diabetic retinopathy |
| topic | Type 2 diabetes mellitus Diabetic retinopathy Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-022-02550-4 |
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