DNA Oxidative Damage as a Sensitive Genetic Endpoint to Detect the Genotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
The genotoxicity of nanomaterials has attracted great attention in recent years. As a possible occupational carcinogen, the genotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) have been of particular concern. In this study, the effect of Ti...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/15/2616 |
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| author | Zhangjian Chen Jiaqi Shi Yi Zhang Shuo Han Jiahe Zhang Guang Jia |
| author_facet | Zhangjian Chen Jiaqi Shi Yi Zhang Shuo Han Jiahe Zhang Guang Jia |
| author_sort | Zhangjian Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genotoxicity of nanomaterials has attracted great attention in recent years. As a possible occupational carcinogen, the genotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) have been of particular concern. In this study, the effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (0, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) on DNA damage and the role of oxidative stress were investigated using human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) as an in vitro model. After detailed characterization, the cytotoxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was detected. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs entered the cytoplasm but did not penetrate deep into the nucleus of cells. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and the ratios of GSH/GSSG also significantly decreased. The results of the normal comet assay were negative, while the Fpg-modified comet assay that specifically detected DNA oxidative damage was positive. Meanwhile, <i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) intervention inhibited the oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. Therefore, it was suggested that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs could induce cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA oxidative damage in BEAS-2B cells. DNA oxidative damage may be a more sensitive genetic endpoint to detect the genotoxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:09:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f485d87c8ba4863a9f27093bd2ecb0f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:09:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5f485d87c8ba4863a9f27093bd2ecb0f2023-12-03T12:52:06ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-07-011215261610.3390/nano12152616DNA Oxidative Damage as a Sensitive Genetic Endpoint to Detect the Genotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide NanoparticlesZhangjian Chen0Jiaqi Shi1Yi Zhang2Shuo Han3Jiahe Zhang4Guang Jia5Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, ChinaThe genotoxicity of nanomaterials has attracted great attention in recent years. As a possible occupational carcinogen, the genotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) have been of particular concern. In this study, the effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (0, 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL) on DNA damage and the role of oxidative stress were investigated using human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) as an in vitro model. After detailed characterization, the cytotoxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was detected. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we found that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs entered the cytoplasm but did not penetrate deep into the nucleus of cells. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and the ratios of GSH/GSSG also significantly decreased. The results of the normal comet assay were negative, while the Fpg-modified comet assay that specifically detected DNA oxidative damage was positive. Meanwhile, <i>N</i>-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) intervention inhibited the oxidative stress and genotoxicity induced by TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs. Therefore, it was suggested that TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs could induce cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA oxidative damage in BEAS-2B cells. DNA oxidative damage may be a more sensitive genetic endpoint to detect the genotoxicity of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/15/2616genotoxicitytitanium dioxide nanoparticlesDNA oxidative damageFpg-modified comet assayoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Zhangjian Chen Jiaqi Shi Yi Zhang Shuo Han Jiahe Zhang Guang Jia DNA Oxidative Damage as a Sensitive Genetic Endpoint to Detect the Genotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Nanomaterials genotoxicity titanium dioxide nanoparticles DNA oxidative damage Fpg-modified comet assay oxidative stress |
| title | DNA Oxidative Damage as a Sensitive Genetic Endpoint to Detect the Genotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_full | DNA Oxidative Damage as a Sensitive Genetic Endpoint to Detect the Genotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | DNA Oxidative Damage as a Sensitive Genetic Endpoint to Detect the Genotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | DNA Oxidative Damage as a Sensitive Genetic Endpoint to Detect the Genotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_short | DNA Oxidative Damage as a Sensitive Genetic Endpoint to Detect the Genotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | dna oxidative damage as a sensitive genetic endpoint to detect the genotoxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles |
| topic | genotoxicity titanium dioxide nanoparticles DNA oxidative damage Fpg-modified comet assay oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/15/2616 |
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