Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon
This paper presents results that show the effect of hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent cold plasma jet treatment with helium and argon on the structure and sorption properties of a material—spent brewery grain. Treatment of activated carbon, with a cold atmospheric plasma jet, was used compar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/12/4396 |
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| author | Krystian Krochmalny Halina Pawlak-Kruczek Norbert Skoczylas Mateusz Kudasik Aleksandra Gajda Renata Gnatowska Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk Tomasz Czapka Amit K. Jaiswal Vishwajeet Amit Arora Tomasz Hardy Mateusz Jackowski Michał Ostrycharczyk Łukasz Niedźwiecki |
| author_facet | Krystian Krochmalny Halina Pawlak-Kruczek Norbert Skoczylas Mateusz Kudasik Aleksandra Gajda Renata Gnatowska Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk Tomasz Czapka Amit K. Jaiswal Vishwajeet Amit Arora Tomasz Hardy Mateusz Jackowski Michał Ostrycharczyk Łukasz Niedźwiecki |
| author_sort | Krystian Krochmalny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents results that show the effect of hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent cold plasma jet treatment with helium and argon on the structure and sorption properties of a material—spent brewery grain. Treatment of activated carbon, with a cold atmospheric plasma jet, was used comparatively. The effect of activation on the pore structure of the materials was carried out by the volumetric method at low pressure (N<sub>2</sub>, 77 K). The specific surface area as well as the total pore volume, average pore size, and pore size distribution were determined using different theoretical models. A high improvement in the sorption capacity parameter was obtained for hydrochars after cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment with an increase of 7.5 times (using He) and 11.6 times (using Ar) compared with hydrochars before cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment. The increase in specific surface area was five-fold (He) and fifteen-fold (Ar). For activated carbon, such a large change was not obtained after plasma activation. Regardless of the gas used, the increase in structural parameter values was 1.1–1.3. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:52:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5f5b37b79f6d47f686e26a18ee562838 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:52:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-5f5b37b79f6d47f686e26a18ee5628382023-11-23T16:30:31ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-06-011512439610.3390/en15124396Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated CarbonKrystian Krochmalny0Halina Pawlak-Kruczek1Norbert Skoczylas2Mateusz Kudasik3Aleksandra Gajda4Renata Gnatowska5Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk6Tomasz Czapka7Amit K. Jaiswal8Vishwajeet9Amit Arora10Tomasz Hardy11Mateusz Jackowski12Michał Ostrycharczyk13Łukasz Niedźwiecki14Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandThe Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Kraków, PolandThe Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Kraków, PolandThe Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-059 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Thermal Machinery, Częstochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej 21, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandFaculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandSchool of Food Science and Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, Technological University Dublin-City Campus, Central Quad, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, IrelandFaculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State University, Ferozepur 152004, Punjab, IndiaFaculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandFaculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, PolandThis paper presents results that show the effect of hydrothermal carbonization and subsequent cold plasma jet treatment with helium and argon on the structure and sorption properties of a material—spent brewery grain. Treatment of activated carbon, with a cold atmospheric plasma jet, was used comparatively. The effect of activation on the pore structure of the materials was carried out by the volumetric method at low pressure (N<sub>2</sub>, 77 K). The specific surface area as well as the total pore volume, average pore size, and pore size distribution were determined using different theoretical models. A high improvement in the sorption capacity parameter was obtained for hydrochars after cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment with an increase of 7.5 times (using He) and 11.6 times (using Ar) compared with hydrochars before cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment. The increase in specific surface area was five-fold (He) and fifteen-fold (Ar). For activated carbon, such a large change was not obtained after plasma activation. Regardless of the gas used, the increase in structural parameter values was 1.1–1.3.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/12/4396plasmabiomassbrewer’s spent grainactivationHTCstructure |
| spellingShingle | Krystian Krochmalny Halina Pawlak-Kruczek Norbert Skoczylas Mateusz Kudasik Aleksandra Gajda Renata Gnatowska Monika Serafin-Tkaczuk Tomasz Czapka Amit K. Jaiswal Vishwajeet Amit Arora Tomasz Hardy Mateusz Jackowski Michał Ostrycharczyk Łukasz Niedźwiecki Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon Energies plasma biomass brewer’s spent grain activation HTC structure |
| title | Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon |
| title_full | Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon |
| title_fullStr | Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon |
| title_short | Use of Hydrothermal Carbonization and Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Surface Modification of Brewer’s Spent Grain and Activated Carbon |
| title_sort | use of hydrothermal carbonization and cold atmospheric plasma for surface modification of brewer s spent grain and activated carbon |
| topic | plasma biomass brewer’s spent grain activation HTC structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/12/4396 |
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